Neurotransmitters are chemicals that allow neurons to communicate with each other in your brain. S-adenosylmethionine, or SAMe, is a natural compound found in nearly every fluid and tissue in your body. It helps produce and break down neurotransmitters, such as dopamine, serotonin and melatonin, which influence a number of functions that are crucial to your mental health and well-being.
Serotonin
Serotonin is a brain chemical involved in your mood and emotions. Low serotonin levels are associated with depression and other mood issues, such as difficulty controlling anger. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors are anti-depressant medications that work by increasing the availability of serotonin in your brain. According to the University of Maryland Medical Center, some studies suggest that SAMe is just as effective as anti-depressants, without causing headaches, sexual dysfunction and sleeping difficulty -- common side effects of antidepressants.
Dopamine
Dopamine is an inhibitory neurotransmitter. It prevents neurons in your brain from over-firing. Dopamine also governs your sense of reward and pleasure. The addictive qualities of several substances, such as cocaine, heroine and alcohol, are attributed to their ability to increase dopamine levels in your brain. SAMe plays an important role in regulating dopamine levels. Excessive dopamine levels are associated with schizophrenia, so treatment often involves medications that block dopamine levels in your brain.
Melatonin
SAMe helps produce melatonin, which is secreted by your pineal gland -- a pea sized gland in the hypothalamus region of your brain. Melatonin helps regulate hormones and maintains your body's sleep-wake cycle, or circadian rhythm. Your body produces melatonin in response to darkness, so that you can fall asleep. According to the UMMC, studies suggest that melatonin supplements are helpful if you have disrupted circadian rhythms and may help prevent jet lag if you are traveling across five or more time zones. Consult your doctor before taking melatonin.
Precautions
Though SAMe is a natural compound, it can effect chemicals in your brain. It is important to consult your doctor before taking SAMe and do so only under your doctor's supervision. All supplements have the potential to cause side effects. SAMe side effects include dry mouth, nausea, headache, diarrhea, restlessness and headache. You should not combine SAMe with antidepressants and you should not take SAMe if you are pregnant or nursing.
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