Malnutrition Issues In Kids

When most people think about malnutrition, starving kids with large bellies living in underdeveloped countries usually comes to mind. While these are the children that most noticeably meet the definition of malnourished, there are children in America at risk of malnutrition due to a lack of food or poor food choices.

Lack of Food

Malnutrition occurs in children when there is a lack of food due to no access because of economic reasons, malabsorption of nutrients due to medical conditions, or problem eaters who choose not to eat an adequate amount of food. Malnutrition is the largest contributor to disease worldwide, according to the United Nations. Lack of nourishment early in life leads to failure to thrive, resulting in inadequate physical growth and mental development.

Poor Food Choices

Consuming foods that do not provide adequate nutrients for growth and development can also cause malnutrition. Children with autism, for example, may be at risk of malnutrition when they choose to eat a few foods. Children who consume a diet of mostly processed or fast foods may also be at risk of malnourishment.

Picky Eater versus Problem Feeder

In "Eating for Autism," Elizabeth Strickland distinguishes between picky eaters and problem feeders. Picky eating is normal and results in a smaller number of foods eaten. These children typically get enough calories and will continue to gain weight and grow properly. Problem feeders are at risk of malnutrition since intake often contains inadequate calories, vitamins and minerals. These children eat very few foods and refuse to eat foods from entire groups based on texture. They will not tolerate new foods and may throw tantrums if new foods are offered.

Recommended Diet

The American Heart Association recommends children consume adequate calories for proper growth and development. Caloric needs will differ based on physical activity, age, height and weight. Encourage children to consume a variety of foods, including protein sources, fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and two to three servings of dairy every day to ensure adequate vitamin and mineral intake.