Body weight is an important factor in the maintenance of general health and well-being. While most weight-related news focuses on the health dangers of being obese or overweight, being significantly underweight can also be detrimental to health. During the third decade of life, poor nutrition, which often goes hand in hand with low body weight, can increase the risk of developing a variety of health problems. According to the National Institute of Health, a body mass index, or BMI, between 18.5 and 24.9 is ideal, while those with a BMI lower than 18.5 are considered underweight.
Higher Osteoporosis Risk
Poor intake of certain nutrients, which is common in those who are not eating enough to maintain a healthy body weight, is one of the risk factors for osteoporosis. Not getting enough of certain vitamins and minerals can affect a process called bone remodeling, during which new bone is produced and old bone is broken down. Lacking the proper nutrients, this process becomes less efficient, affecting the strength and density of bones, which can lead to the development of osteoporosis. In your 30s, bone remodeling naturally becomes less efficient, so eating well and maintaining a healthy body weight to protect bone health becomes even more important for those in this age group.
Reproductive Issues
Women who are underweight have an increased risk of reproductive issues. Irregular periods can become a problem in women who are underweight during their 30s, as can hormonal imbalances. Those who are significantly underweight may experience amenorrhea, a condition in which the menstrual cycle is interrupted and periods stop. Underweight women can have difficulty conceiving children and may have an increased risk of complications when pregnancy is achieved.
Immune System Weakness
Another important system that being underweight in your 30s can affect is the immune system. People who are underweight and undernourished can be more susceptible to a variety of illnesses that a healthy, well-nourished immune system would normally protect against. Because the immune system is charged with protecting the body from illnesses that range from the common cold to life-threatening diseases such as cancer, a poorly functioning immune system can have both immediate and far-reaching effects.
Cautions
Those who are eating well and still unable to gain weight should consult a health-care professional to rule out underlying health conditions, especially if sudden unexplained weight loss occurs. Add high energy, nutritious foods to the diet to gain weight, rather than sugary or fatty foods that have little nutritional value and can contribute to health problems over the long term.
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