While ADHD may have any number of causes, there is some evidence that diet can play a role in a hyperactive child's behavior. While certain foods, like sugar or caffeine, may seem like they would be the problem, the real culprits are often the foods that are designed to appeal to children: those with artificial colors and flavors. Reducing these foods in your child's diet may help his behavior.
ADHD Causes
Based on research, there is no single cause of ADHD. Genetics may play a large role, according to the National Institute for Mental Health, however, there may be other factors as well. Children who have had a brain injury, whose mothers smoked during their pregnancy as well as those who have been exposed to lead may also be more prone to ADHD if certain genetic factors are in place. In addition to these environmental factors, some researchers are focusing on nutrition as a possible trigger for ADHD. While studies have shown little link between sugar and caffeine and ADHD, there is some evidence that artificial additives in many kids' foods may be another link in the ADHD chain.
Food Additives
To make them more appealing to kids, many foods contain artificial colors and flavors. According to Dr. John Huxsahl, a child psychiatrist with the Mayo Clinic, these types of additives do not necessarily cause ADHD, but they may worsen symptoms for children who already have the disorder. The NIMH also cites studies that have focused on not only food coloring but preservatives as well, which may also play a role in worsening hyperactivity symptoms in children with ADHD. Eliminating some of the processed foods from your child's diet may improve his symptoms.
Omega-3 Fatty Acids
Omega-3's are essential fatty acids that are found in many nuts and seeds as well as fish. There is some evidence that omega-3 fatty acids may improve concentration and decrease behavior problems for some children who have ADHD. The research is still preliminary, however, there is little harm in adding more of these foods to your child's diet. Some examples include cold water fish, like sardines or tuna, as well as flaxseeds and walnuts. Fish oil supplements are also an option, though their use in children has not been studied well enough to establish recommended dosages. If you go the supplement route, be sure to talk to your child's pediatrician first.
Diet Suggestions
The research on diet for kids with ADHD is by no means conclusive. Still, it is never a bad idea to encourage your children to eat better. In fact, one of MayoClinic.com's suggestions for lifestyle modifications of children with ADHD involves their diet. Eliminating food with additives can help. In addition, increase your kids' intake of fresh, less-processed foods such as fruits, vegetables and whole grains. When eliminating foods from your child's diet, however, pace yourself. Dr. Huxsahl recommends against making too many drastic changes, which may limit your child's nutritional intake. Try replacing one item ever week or so, and use your child's behavioral reactions as a guideline.
References
- MayoClinic.com: Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in Children; February 2011
- "MayoClinic.com"; Do Food Additives Cause Hyperactivity?; John E. Huxsahl, M.D.; February 2009
- National Institute of Mental Health: Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD); 2008
- University of Maryland Medical Center: Omega-3 Fatty Acids; June 2009
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