Ask most tae kwon do black belts and they will tell you that they didn’t really start learning the martial art until they were awarded the rank. While most nonpractitioners believe that a black belt signifies mastery of tae kwon do, true black belts know that the ranks below the black belt are simply steppingstones to learning the basics and fundamentals of the art. Given the state of business competition in 2011, there is a trend toward guaranteeing that a student can receive a black belt in only two or three years. This is generally viewed by tae kwon do purists as a disservice to the student, since they can learn only so much in that short time period.
Forms
To receive a black belt in tae kwon do, you must learn and master a variety of forms -- a predescribed set of movements meant to simulate self-defense using tae kwon do -- appropriate for the ranks leading up to the black belt. When testing for a black belt, the judges can ask you to perform any of the under-belt forms as well as the first black-belt form. They will look for proper timing and stances as well as focused power in each individual technique.
Breaking Techniques
Depending on where you are studying tae kwon do, you will have to demonstrate your power by breaking boards or other objects with techniques. You’re going to have to know what you’re doing to accomplish this, since it is easy to break a bone if you don’t hit the object properly and with correct technique. Some schools require students to break a board held over their head with a jumping and spinning kick. The judges will not only look for the board to break, but they also will be carefully watching the timing and technique.
One-Step Sparring
One-step sparring is a simulated attack where your partner will take an exaggerated step forward and throw a simulated punch at you so you can demonstrate self-defense techniques. While you are performing these techniques, the judges will look for proper timing, the choice of technique, focused power and self-confidence in your ability.
Free Sparring
Free sparring is exactly what it sounds like -- two equally matched martial artists demonstrating their ability in a full-speed, light-contact sparring match in front of high-ranking black belts. The judges will look for your ability to protect yourself and counter an attack instinctively, along with your self-confidence and abilities when under attack.



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