A Food and Drug Administration panel concluded in March 2011 that, for most children, evidence does not support the theory that food color additives cause hyperactivity. This decision goes against what some parents and organizations, such as the Center for Science in the Public Interest, believe about these chemicals and their effect on behavior. The debate continues, so it's important to understand what food additives are and the research regarding them. If you're considering reducing food additives from your or your child's diet, discuss your plans with a physician first.
Understanding Food Additives
Food additives are chemicals added to food during the manufacturing, packaging or transportation processes. The FDA recognizes two types of food additives. Direct additives are those purposely added to food during production, such as xanthan gum used for texture. Indirect additives are not purposely added to foods but rather get into the food during the packaging or storing process. Companies must prove to the FDA that indirect additives that may find their way into your food are safe for consumption. Color additives are commonly used to improve the appearance of processed foods.
Theory
The theory that food additives affect behavior is not a new one. Advocacy groups and members of the scientific community have been interested in their association for decades, particularly when it comes to hyperactivity in children. Dr. Laurine Brown, in a 2003 piece for Illinois Wesleyan University's Environmental Wellness site, writes that the additive tartrazine is associated with behavior and learning problems in kids. Tartrazine is commonly listed in ingredients lists as Yellow 5 and is found in many foods and beverages.
Research Findings
One of the most significant research findings supporting the theory comes from a 2007 study published in "The Lancet." Researchers from the University of Southampton in England found that artificial food additives increased hyperactivity in children ages 3, 8 and 9. Yet the FDA and the European Food Safety Authority both agree that this research doesn't prove a link. The 2011 FDA panel, however, did point out in its findings that certain children with hyperactivity may be sensitive to the effects of artificial color additives.
Altering Diet
It's clear that the jury is still out when it comes to food additives and their influence on behavior. If you suspect these substances may be affecting the behavior of your child, try removing the major sources of the additives from the diet. Harvard's Dr. Michael Craig Miller points out that the top sources are processed foods like soda, candy and junk food -- things that should be reduced or eliminated in your diet anyway due to their lack of nutrition. Regardless of whether additives increase hyperactivity or other behavioral problems, getting your family on board with eating a diet of healthy, fresh foods is ideal.
References
- Harvard Health Blog; FDA Panel Finds No Link Between Artificial Food Colorings and Hyperactivitiy in Most Children; Michael Craig Miller, MD; April 2011
- Food and Drug Administration; Food Ingredients and Colors; November 2004
- Illinois Wesleyan University Environmental Wellness; Diet and Behavior: First Do No Harm; Laurine Brown, PhD, MPH; November 2003
- University of Southampton; Major Study Indicates A Link Between Hyperactivity in Children and Certain Food Additives; September 2007
Member Comments