Colon polyps, abnormal growths that form on the lining of the colon, or large intestine, develop gradually. Polyps begin as benign noncancerous tumors, but as they get larger the risk of becoming malignant increases. Early screening and removal of colon polyps is important to prevent colon cancer development. Along with age, heredity and an unhealthy lifestyle, a low fiber diet also contributes to polyps becoming cancerous.
Detection and Removal
Colon polyps may not present any symptoms but they can be detected with different screening methods conducted by your physician. A colonoscopy or sigmoidoscopy is a test in which your physician inserts a slender tube into the anus to examine the rectum and lower portion of your colon. Once detected, your physician may remove the polyps in the same visit. However, to determine if the polyp is malignant, it must be further examined by a pathologist.
Removal Procedures
Small polyps are removed with a snare, a wire loop that cuts the stalk and cauterizes it to prevent bleeding. Surgical polyp removal is warranted if the polyp is too large or in a location that the snare cannot safely reach. Several small incisions made in your abdominal wall allow the surgeon to remove the section of the colon infiltrated by the polyp, this procedure is referred to as laparoscopic surgery. In the event of rare but extensive polyposis, a complete colon and rectum removal may have to occur. After removal your surgeon reconstructs a pouch from the end of the small intestine attaching to your anus so you can still have normal bowel function.
Role of Fiber
Dietary fiber is consumed from plant-based foods. It does not digest but it serves to add bulk to your stool and maintain bowel regularity to prevent waste backup in your colon or rectum. Fiber also nourishes the healthy bacteria that thrive in your colon, which protect you from harmful bacteria that can cause abnormal cell development. The daily recommended intake of fiber is 25 to 35 g and you can accomplish this by eating five to eight servings of fruits, vegetables and whole grains. Produce and grains also contain powerful anti-cancer chemicals in the event of polyp formation.
Additional Prevention Tips
Colon polyps may not become cancerous, but to reduce your risk, additional precautionary measures in your diet and lifestyle can help. Limit consumption of saturated fat from red meat, fried foods and processed foods. Replace fatty meats with lean sources from fish, baked poultry and low-fat dairy. Avoid smoking and excessive alcohol use with the help of support. Manage your weight with a healthy diet and exercise and as you age visit your physician yearly for health screenings. Premenopausal women are at increased risk of cancer and should also discuss hormone therapy to reduce colorectal cancer risk.
References
- MayoClinic.com: Colon Polyps; July 24, 2009
- National Digestive Diseases Information Clearinghouse: What I Need to Know About Colon Polyps
- Jackson Siegelbaum Gastroenterology; Prevention of Colon Polyps and Cancer; Frank W. Jackson
- Colorado State University; Dietary Fiber; J. Anderson, et al; December 2010
- G.I. Medicine Associates: Prevention of Colon Polyps-Cancer
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