Glucosamine and chondroitin are sold over the counter as supplements, mainly for promoting joint health. However, just because they are available without a prescription does not make them a safe treatment option for everyone. Glucosamine and chondroitin may cause side effects in some people, and are potentially dangerous for others.
Lack of Standardization
Many dietary supplements are not regulated by the FDA. What they contain and whether or not they are effective are not monitored in the same way that mainstream medications are. They also tend to have less clinical research to back their use. This means you never really know what you are getting in your supplement bottle. The American Academy of Orthopedic Surgeons warns that not all glucosamine and chondroitin products contain what the label claims. In addition, concentrations and strengths may vary from brand to brand. Check with your doctor for recommendations before trying a supplement, and stick to major brands.
Digestive Upset
Some glucosamine and chondroitin products may have an unsettling effect on the digestive system. These symptoms are generally more bothersome than life-threatening, and include stomach upset, gas, bloating and diarrhea. However, these are short-term effects of the supplements. According to the University of Maryland Medical Center, there may be longer-term effects of chondroitin on the stomach, but its digestive effects over time have not been studied thoroughly. In addition, UMMC recommends that those who have ulcers take their glucosamine and chondroitin supplements with food to prevent irritation.
Allergic Reactions
Glucosamine is often derived from the outer skeletons of shellfish. In theory, it could trigger a reaction in someone who is allergic to shellfish. However, the Mayo Clinic reports that there is likely not enough shellfish product in the supplements to cause problems for most people. If your allergy is mild, monitor your symptoms carefully while taking glucosamine. If your allergy is severe, however, you should talk to your doctor before taking this supplement.
Thin Blood
Chondroitin can increase your risk of excessive bleeding. Per the UMMC, chondroitin is similar in make up to the blood thinner Heparin. This is more of a risk for someone who is taking blood thinners already, as it can intensify the effects of the medication. The Mayo Clinic reports a similar risk for those who take blood thinners with glucosamine, and suggests monitoring your blood and dosage more closely for safety. Those who take fish oil in addition to chondroitin may also risk increased bleeding.
Blood Sugar Fluctuations
Glucosamine use should be monitored more closely in people who are diabetic. The UMMC reports that glucosamine supplements may cause insulin to be less effective. The research regarding this possible interaction has been mixed: sometimes oral diabetes medications became less effective, and other times there was no significant effect. However, the Mayo Clinic reports that there may be a significant risk when using injectable insulin. You may need to monitor your blood sugar more closely if you take glucosamine.
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