Ankle pain is a common complaint and though most pain isn't serious, persistent, unknown pain should always be examined by a doctor for proper treatment. Minor ankle injuries and conditions can often be exacerbated during sports and vigorous activity, so even though swimming is often therapeutic, it isn't immune to causing distress. Competitive swimmers and people who kick their feet substantially while swimming are often susceptible to ankle pain.
Sprained Ankle
The most common source of ankle pain is a sprain, according to the National Institutes of Health. A sprain is typically due to a sharp twist inward, which causes small tears in the ligaments and leads to swelling, bruising and instability. Depending on the severity, a sprain can take a few weeks or a few months to heal. Treatment for a sprain is typically rest and in some cases, physical therapy.
Arthritis
A variety of arthritis types can cause ankle pain, according to the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons. Osteoarthritis, due to wear and tear, typically occurs in middle-aged people; rheumatoid arthritis is an auto-immune disease that can cause painful inflammation at any age; and post-traumatic arthritis can develop after an injury. Arthritis causes pain and tenderness, stiffness, swelling and difficulty walking, according to the AAOS. Depending on the type and severity, arthritis treatments can range from over-the-counter painkillers to surgery.
Gout
Gout is a complex form of arthritis that causes sudden, severe pain, redness and tenderness in joints, according to the Mayo Clinic. Gout can affect anyone but is most common in men and post-menopausal women. It's a build-up of uric acid that causes crystals to form in your joints instead of being excreted in urine, according to the NIH. Gout can be treated with medication and diet.
Tendonitis
Ankle pain can often be caused by Achilles tendonitis, an inflammation of the Achilles tendon, according to the Mayo Clinic. The condition usually develops from running or other sports-related injuries, and intense exercise and jumping, among other activities. Achilles tendonitis can usually be treated at home with rest and self-care, but serious cases can lead to a tendon tear that requires surgery.
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