The medicinal plant chaste tree, also known as vitex or monk's pepper, yields a small fruit that may help to treat certain medical conditions and discomforts. Historically, herbalists have turned to chaste tree berry as a holistic treatment option for premenstrual syndrome, or PMS, a combination of uncomfortable symptoms occurring immediately before the onset of a woman's menstrual cycle. However, there is no conclusive evidence that chaste tree works effectively, safely or reliably, compared to a placebo.
PMS Explained
PMS poses a challenge to both mainstream and alternative medical practitioners, because science has not yet identified a specific underlying cause. According to the University of Maryland Medical Center, UMMC, hormone changes, vitamin deficiencies, abnormal metabolism, and imbalances of brain chemicals can all contribute to PMS. The resulting symptoms include bloating, mood swings, depression, skin problems, back ache, cramps and breast pain. A combination of holistic treatment options may help to relieve these symptoms on a short-term basis.
Evidence of Efficacy
Several small-scale studies have reinforced the traditional claim that chaste tree can improve PMS symptoms. The UMMC reports that chaste tree berry appears to reduce headache, mood disturbances and breast tenderness in women suffering from PMS, but does not appear to reduce bloating or water retention. However, the National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine notes that these studies were poorly designed and did not yield conclusive results. More trials are needed to determine the herb's efficacy.
Safety Concerns
In general, chaste tree berry is associated with few side effects. The most common problems associated with the herb include stomach problems, acne-like rashes, dizziness and vertigo. Because it can affect hormone levels, the NCCAM warns that women using birth control pills should avoid chaste berry. Chaste berry could reduce their efficacy. Chaste berry supplements are also inappropriate for women with hormone-sensitive conditions such as polycystic ovary syndrome, or PCOS, and breast cancer should also avoid the herb.
Other Holistic Treatments
Naturopaths may recommend other alternative treatment options for women coping with chronic or severe PMS symptoms. The UMMC reports that black cohosh, evening primrose and St. John's wort may offer similar benefits to women with PMS. However, like chaste berry, these herbs are associated with some side effects and drawbacks. Nutritional supplements such as calcium citrate, vitamin B-6 and fish oil may also help to ease and prevent PMS symptoms. Consult your health care provider before using any alternative remedy.
