Vitamin D increases the amount of calcium and phosphorus the body absorbs from food. This action is important for the formation and maintenance of bones and teeth. Vitamin D also suppresses the release of parathyroid hormone, which can increase bone breakdown. Adequate vitamin D intake is important for other functions as well, therefore deficiency is associated with many health problems.
Severe Deficiencies
Children need vitamin D to form strong bones; a severe vitamin D deficiency can cause them to develop rickets. This condition causes softening and weakening of the bones, bowed legs and a greater risk of bone fracture. Severe vitamin D deficiency in children also can lead to a flattened skull in back. When vitamin D deficiency occurs in adults, the condition is called osteomalacia. It causes weak muscles and bones. These severe types of deficiency are rare in the United States, according to the Colorado State University Extension.
Low Mineral Bone Density
Although rickets and osteomalacia are rare in developed countries, problems with bone health can still develop with an inadequate intake of vitamin D. Low mineral bone density, known as osteoporosis, leads to an increased risk of fractures. This risk is higher in elderly people, postmenopausal women and in patients taking corticosteroid medication.
Oral Health
More effective absorption of calcium and phosphorus associated with vitamin D is also important for strong and healthy teeth. In addition, vitamin D can help reduce gum inflammation in periodontal disease, according to Dental Health Services Victoria.
Other Health Problems
Preliminary studies indicate that vitamin D deficiency is associated with numerous health disorders, reports Integrative Medicine of Cherry Creek. There is no definitive evidence that vitamin D intake prevents or treats these disorders, however. Health problems associated with vitamin D deficiency as listed by Integrative Medicine of Cherry Creek and the Colorado State University Extension include reduced immune system function, increased risk of common cancers, multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, high blood pressure, cardiovascular disease and infectious diseases.
Considerations
You can obtain vitamin D by eating fortified dairy products and getting a few minutes of sunshine every day. Exposure to sunlight prompts the body to produce vitamin D. Vitamin D supplements are available as well. The Colorado State University Extension discourages people from giving vitamin D supplements to young children, as high doses of vitamin D supplements can be toxic. Vitamin D-fortified foods are better options for children.
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