The heart pumps blood to the various organs of the body; if the heart ceases to function, massive tissue and organ death results. Heart function depends on the optimal concentration of various important ions such as calcium, potassium and sodium, which are necessary for the heart to pump blood effectively. Potassium chloride is sometimes used as a substitute for sodium chloride, or table salt; it is beneficial to heart function when consumed moderately.
Hypertension
Hypertension, or high blood pressure, is the most common cause of heart disease in the United States. Despite modern advances in medicine and drug development, hypertension remains problematic. Americans generally eat a low potassium and high sodium diet. According to a 2010 "National Academies Press" article, the Institute of Medicine has recommended the use of potassium/sodium chloride table salt combinations as a strategy for controlling hypertension in the United States. This strategy to public health indicates that preventive measures are strongly considered by health authorities as the way to go in the fight against hypertension.
Heart Failure
Though recommending a potassium/sodium chloride table salt combination for market distribution seems sound, it might yield unintended consequences if consumed in excess. High potassium is bad news for the heart. Arrhythmias, or irregular heart contractions, can result from high blood potassium, interfering with the heart's ability to function effectively. High blood potassium might also cause impaired kidney function as a consequence of decreased potassium excretion.
Symptoms of Heart Failure
When the heart fails, fluid backs up into the lungs and results in shortness of breath upon exertion and coughing. Blood flow to the heart from the lower body reverses and results in the pooling of fluid in the abdomen and swelling of the ankles and feet. Other symptoms associated with heart failure include irregular heart contractions, tiredness and lack of appetite.
Tests and Treatment for Heart Failure
When a person shows signs of heart problems, an electrocardiogram, or a test of electrical conduction within the heart, is among the initial tests performed. The electrocardiogram can provide information about the rate, rhythm and relative size of the heart. An echocardiogram provides information on strength of heart contraction and the movement of blood through the heart. Medications used in the management of heart failure include ACE inhibitors, digoxin, beta blockers and diuretics. When used in the right combinations, these medications help reduce stress on the heart muscle.
References
- "National Academies Press"; "Potassium in the Food Supply Due to Use of Potassium Chloride as a Salt Substitute"; J.E. Henney et al; 2010
- "Annual Review of Public Health"; "Hypertension"; Ihab Hajjar et al; April 2006
- Mayo Clinic: Heart Failure Symptoms
- Mayo Clinic: Heart Failure Treatment and Drugs
