Physical therapy is a form of rehabilitative health care for musculo-skeletal problems, such as muscle and connective tissue injuries. Muscle strain and ligament sprains are common injuries that may require physical therapy, which involves an initial examination and diagnosis, combined with treatment and restoration of muscle and joint function and fitness levels. The length and extent of treatment depends on the severity of the injury. In severe cases, surgery to repair the affected muscles and ligaments may be required.
Muscle Strains
A strain is an overstretching or tearing of a muscle or a tendon connecting a muscle to the bone. The severity of the strain may range from a slight injury to a complete rupture or tear. Strains can result from overtraining, muscle fatigue, muscle weakness or imbalance, and improper training. The hamstrings, the back of the thigh and the lower back are particularly susceptible to strains.
Physical Therapy for Strains
Initial treatment for muscle or tendon strains includes rest, ice, compression and elevation to reduce pain and swelling. In some cases, anti-inflammatory medication is prescribed for excessive pain and swelling. After the pain and swelling have diminished, a patient can perform exercises to increase range of motion and strength. A physical therapist may help correct a muscle imbalance by stretching what is too tight and strengthening what is too weak. For a strained hamstring, a therapist will lead you in exercises designed to strengthen the hamstring and stretch the quadriceps, the opposing muscle group. Athletes should fully recover their strength and flexibility before resuming any training.
Ligament Sprain
A sprain is an overstretching or tearing of the ligaments, tissues that connect bone to bone at a joint. The severity of the sprain may be classified between grades one and three. A grade one sprain is a slight tear, while a grade three sprain is a complete rupture or tear of the ligament. Sprains can be caused by a fall, trauma or sudden twisting movement, and ankles and wrists are particularly susceptible. Total recovery time is between three to six weeks for mild sprains and up to 12 months for a complete tear.
Physical Therapy for Sprains
Initial treatment for ligament sprains include rest, ice, compression and elevation to reduce pain and swelling. For severe cases, joint immobilization may be required. After pain and swelling has decreased, treatment will include exercises to prevent joint stiffness and improve flexibility. Braces may be required for knee or ankle injuries to improve joint stability, while exercises to strengthen the muscles and connective tissue will also increase joint stability. For a sprained ankle, a therapist may lead you in exercises to strengthen the affected joint, such as standing on a bosu ball. He may also help you perform stretches, such as heel and toe lifts. The goal of therapy is to restore joint and muscle functioning and decrease the risk of re-injury.
References
- Bureau of Labor Statistics: Physical Therapists
- Mayo Clinic: Physical Therapy Career Overview
- Mayo Clinic: Sprains and Strains
- American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons: Muscle Strains in the Thigh
- Nucleus Medical Media: Ligament Sprains and Strains
- National Institute of Health: Medline Plus: Muscle Strain Treatment
