Dopamine and serotonin, two chemicals found naturally in the brain, regulate a broad range of functions within the human body. They are both particularly important in managing your mood. Dopamine affects alertness, learning, motivation, satisfaction and self-esteem. Deficiencies can cause depression and lassitude, while excessive levels can cause mania and aggression. Serotonin modulates the sleep-wake cycle and the feeling of well-being. Most pharmaceutical antidepressants are believed to work by adjusting synaptic serotonin levels in regions of the brain governing mood. The structure of the brain, however, prevents serotonin and dopamine from entering via the bloodstream, making direct supplementation with these neurotransmitters ineffective. Some studies have suggested that supplementation with their precursor chemicals may be used instead to increase synaptic levels of these neurotransmitters, although the research is not conclusive as of 2011.
5-HTP and Serotonin
5-Hydroxytryptophan, also known as 5-HTP, is the direct precursor to serotonin. According to the University of Maryland Medical Center, oral supplementation with 5-HTP may increase synaptic serotonin levels, even when taken without carbidopa. For this reason, 5-HTP is frequently used in alternative medicine as a treatment for mild-to-moderate depression.
SAM-e
S-adenosylmethionine, or SAM-e, is a chemical found naturally in the body that is required for multiple important biochemical pathways, including the synthesis of serotonin, dopamine and norepinephrine. Known in Europe as the drug Ademetionine, SAM-e has been used to treat depression for over 30 years. Despite this, its mechanism of action is not well-understood, according to MayoClinic.com. It is, however, believed to assist in the manufacture and transport of neurotransmitters in the brain.
Broad Beans
The seedlings, pods and beans of the broad bean plant, known scientifically as Vicia faba, have been known to contain l-dopa since 1913. The plant has long been used in alternative medicine as a treatment for movement disorders, particularly Parkinson's Disease. A study published in 1993 in "Advance in Neurology" found measurable increases in plasma l-dopa and symptom release after consumption of broad beans, even in patients not taking carbidopa. The authors suggest that broad beans may offer some relief to patients suffering from mild Parkinsonian symptoms.
Drug Interactions and Contraindications
5-HTP, SAM-e, and broad beans all have the potential to react with other medications. Taking 5-HTP along with many prescription antidepressants, triptan-based migraine drugs or painkillers can cause a potentially fatal side effect known as serotonin syndrome. Before incorporating any of these supplements into your treatment regimen, consult with your doctor to determine if they are right for you.
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