Americans spend approximately $14 million each year on creatine supplements, according to the University of Maryland. Creatine first gained attention in the 1970s when Soviet researchers found that it could improve performance during short, intense activities. It was not until the 1990s that creatine became popular among athletes, according to the Mayo Clinic. Although taking these supplements may provide benefits, they may also cause a number of side effects, including muscle aches or cramps.
Identification
The amino acid creatine is naturally found in the body, primarily in the muscles. Although the body produces its own creatine, meat and fish are also sources. After being metabolized by the liver and kidneys, this amino acid is taken into the bloodstream where it is used by the muscles for energy. About 95 percent of naturally occurring creatine is stored in the body's skeletal muscle, according to the Mayo Clinic.
Uses
Creatine supplements have a number of documented uses, the most common being for enhancement of athletic ability. There is scientific evidence, according to the Mayo Clinic, that these supplements can increase muscle mass and strength. The benefits of creatine for congestive heart failure, coronary heart disease and bone density problems are just a few of the other uses that researchers are studying, according to the Mayo Clinic.
Effects
While athletes may experience benefits to their muscle strength and mass by taking creatine supplements, potential side effects include headaches, excess thirst, dizziness and abnormal heart rhythm. Commonly reported side effects are muscle aches or cramps; however, studies -- such as one published in 2000 by the American College of Sports Medicine -- have not found definitive evidence that creatine itself causes these muscle aches and pains. Still, the Mayo Clinic reports that supplement usage may contribute to pain in the lower leg, a condition known as compartment syndrome.
Considerations
Those who reported muscle aches after taking creatine supplements may be experiencing these effects due to a lack of adequate hydration and electrolytes, according to the American College of Sports Medicine. Another possibility for these muscle symptoms is that, due to increased strength, creatine users are able to perform more intense workouts. As a result, muscle cramps, strains and tears can occur, according to the Mayo Clinic. Those users with muscle aches may also have other health issues that need to be addressed. The American College of Sports Medicine suggests that those suffering from muscle aches and cramps should be tested for muscle enzyme deficiencies and electrolyte disorders.
Warning
Before taking creatine supplements, be aware of the potential dangers. Those with liver or kidney conditions should not take creatine. Diabetics should also proceed with caution when taking these supplements due to its possible effects on insulin levels, according to the Mayo Clinic.
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