In this age of supersized portions and processed food, eating a healthy diet can be tricky. To make it even more difficult, many "health foods" that are generally assumed to be natural may contain genetically-modified genes. While there is no evidence that genetically modified organisms, or GMOs for short, pose a health risk to humans, debate rages about the potential for unknown long-term health and environmental problems.
Identification
Genetic engineering refers to the direct manipulation of an organism by introducing foreign DNA into its structure. Genetically modified foods come in all forms, including plant foods like fruits, vegetables and grains as well as fish and other meats. Because they resemble regular foods and often carry no warnings, genetically modified foods are virtually impossible to distinguish from other food products.
Health Concerns
The genetic engineering of food is a relatively new phenomenon. Concerns about the long-term health effects of consuming GMO foods lies at the heart of much controversy. According to the World Health Organization's website, allergenic potential and gene transfer are among the chief health concerns of GMO foods. Gene transfer refers to the incorporation of a food's DNA into the body's cells, which could be dangerous in the case of antibiotic-resistant material. For people with food allergies, consuming even traces of offending foods could result in deadly reactions. Fortunately, products containing genes from highly allergenic foods are required to carry warnings, according to Colorado State University Extension.
Labeling Issues
The FDA does not require genetically modified foods to carry warnings unless they contain an allergen or are nutritionally different from their natural counterparts. Furthermore, some organic animal foods may have been raised on feed contaminated with genetically modified ingredients, making it difficult to establish standards for what constitutes "genetically modified." This blurring of the lines between organic and GMO angers many health food consumers who value natural foods.
Crop Contamination
In addition to labeling issues, the possibility of organic crop contamination by genetically modified seeds raises even more concerns. This is a valid concern according to the World Health Organization, who cites a case in which genetic material from modified animal feed were found in maize grown for human consumption in the U.S. In rare instances, independent farmers may even face legal troubles from large corporations when patented genes of the latter are found among crops of the former.
Considerations
Despite ongoing controversy, no significant health problems have yet been attributed to GMO foods. If you're concerned about the potential risks of genetically modified health food, contact your state or local representative.
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