Gluten allergies and gluten intolerance can cause symptoms that are inconvenient, uncomfortable and even life-threatening. In addition, an autoimmune disorder known as celiac disease can lead to malnutrition and other health conditions. Each of these disorders is different in its symptoms, disease process and severity. Unfortunately, individuals who have either of these disorders must adhere to strict diets that exclude gluten and other foods that contain certain grain or oat proteins.
Gluten
Gluten is a grain protein that is commonly found in the western diet in foods such as wheat, barley, rye and oats. It is also common in grain and oat products in other parts of the world. Many traditional diets routinely contain foods that have gluten proteins. Gluten may also be present in medications, alcoholic beverages and other products that are ingested. Many individuals that are unable to consume gluten must adhere to strict diets. Rice, corn and potatoes are gluten-free.
Wheat Allergy
Wheat allergies are true allergic reactions that involve histamine release and produce symptoms commonly associated with an allergic reaction that may include rash, swelling of the throat or face, low blood pressure and systemic shock. In addition, individuals with wheat allergies may experience intestinal symptoms such as cramping, diarrhea and bloating. Wheat allergies may be triggered by ingestion, inhalation or dermatological contact with gluten or other wheat proteins. Treatment typically depends on the severity of the reaction. As with all allergic reactions, patients with extensive rash, facial swelling or difficulty breathing should seek immediate medical treatment.
Gluten Intolerance
As opposed to an allergic reaction, gluten intolerance involves uncomfortable intestinal symptoms that occur after the ingestion of gluten. These symptoms may include cramping, diarrhea, abdominal pain and bloating. Symptoms typically occur from an inability to properly digest foods that contain gluten. Symptoms will typically resolve after the offending food has been excreted from the system.
Celiac Disease
Celiac disease, also known as celiac sprue, is an autoimmune disorder that has a genetic predisposition at birth and is triggered by external factors. In response to ingested gluten, antibodies are produced in patients with celiac disease that signal the patient's immune system to attack and destroy the cells and villi lining the intestinal wall. Since this lining is responsible for nutrient absorption, patients with celiac disease can suffer from complications, including malnutrition, osteoporosis, vitamin deficiency and other disorders that can occur from the impaired absorption of nutrients. In some cases, the damage may be permanent. Celiac disease is often associated with other autoimmune disorders, such as diabetes and thyroid disease. There is no cure for celiac disease, and people who have it must avoid foods with gluten. There are many resources available on the Internet and in health clinics to guide patients on the type of foods to avoid if they have food allergies or celiac disease. Patients with concerns regarding celiac disease or food allergies should speak with a physician.
