Senna, a medicinal herb, acts as a stimulant laxative. It irritates the lining of the bowels, leading to contractions and increased bowel movements. Although safe for the majority of individuals, senna is not necessarily appropriate for pregnant women. Constipation is a common complication of pregnancy, but expectant mothers should not self-treat the problem using senna or any other medicinal herb. Consult an obstetrician or midwife before using any herb or medicine during pregnancy.
Pregnancy-Related Constipation
Constipation is extremely common during pregnancy. The American Pregnancy Association estimates that it occurs in as many as half of pregnant women. The APA reports that hormonal changes during pregnancy can inhibit bowel contractions. Pregnancy also causes pressure on the colon, making bowel movements more difficult. Fiber-deficient diets, stress and anxiety can also cause constipation in pregnancy. Many pregnant women take iron supplements, which offer the benefit of preventing anemia, but can also worsen constipation.
Treatment Options
Several safe treatment options are available to pregnant women suffering from constipation. Simple interventions such as exercise and high-fiber food can relieve the condition. In other circumstances, a health care provider may recommend fiber supplements such as psyllium husk or dextrin. Mayo Clinic obstetrician Roger W. Harms recommends stool softeners, which facilitate bowel movements by moistening stool, as a safe constipation treatment for expectant mothers. These treatment options are associated with minimal side effects compared to senna.
Senna and Pregnancy
The National Institutes of Health regards senna as "possibly safe" for pregnant mothers when used in brief, small doses. While acknowledging that the herb is an effective and FDA-approved laxative, the organization expresses concern about potential side effects, particularly when the product is used repeatedly or in excessive doses. The APA warns that stimulant laxative pills can lead to uterine contractions, which may threaten a pregnancy. The NIH considers regular senna use to be "possibly unsafe" for pregnant women.
Other Side Effects
Senna may lead to side effects that are uncomfortable, but don't necessarily affect the health or viability of a pregnancy. The NIH warns that the herb can trigger diarrhea and bowel cramping. When senna-related diarrhea is severe, it may cause dehydration or electrolyte imbalances. When used for an extended period of time, senna can cause dependency. People who become dependent on the herb may find themselves unable to defecate normally without it. This can become uncomfortable or even dangerous. Always consult a licensed practitioner before using any medicinal herb.
