What Does A Lot Of Zinc Do To You?

Weight loss, depression, hair loss, psoriasis -- these are some of the complications you can expect if you're deficient in zinc. Fortunately, severe zinc deficiency isn't a major concern in the United States, although certain groups like the elderly are more at risk. Yet, as with most things you put in your body, getting too much of this mineral can also cause serious health problems -- and it may take a considerable amount of time before you realize it.

Functions

Zinc serves important functions in the body, although you need only two to 13 mg a day depending on age, gender and breastfeeding status, according to the University of Maryland Medical Center. It supports the immune system and is involved in growth and development. It's also involved in the endocrine system; zinc plays a role in the functions of both insulin and the thyroid gland. This trace mineral has antioxidant benefits as well, meaning it is able to help reduce cellular damage caused by free radicals.

Immune Function

Despite zinc's association with immune function, too much of the mineral may also negatively impact this vital body system. Excessive zinc intake can reduce your body's ability to ward off disease by interfering with the immune system's white blood cells. One study, published in July 2003 in the "Journal of the National Cancer Institute," found that men who took 100 mg of zinc in daily supplements were two to three times more likely to develop prostate cancer that metastasized to other parts of the body. The men had been taking these supplements for at least a decade. Although the relationship between zinc, immune function and cancer needs more research, it's notable that the study found no increased cancer risk due to zinc intake from food sources.

Copper Deficiency

Another significant concern about long-term excessive zinc intake is the risk for copper deficiency. Copper is another essential trace mineral with antioxidant properties. It also serves vital roles in blood formation, collagen development and production of the skin pigment melanin. A zinc intake of 60 mg or higher per day can result in copper deficiency, according to the Linus Pauling Institute. This can have many health consequences, including anemia, thyroid problems, heartbeat irregularities and increased risk for osteoporosis.

Signs and Symptoms

Excessive intake of zinc over time may not cause any noticeable signs or symptoms, although symptoms associated with copper deficiency may be an indicator. If you consume too much zinc due to an isolated event, you may develop signs and symptoms associated with acute toxicity. The Linus Pauling Institute identifies forms of gastrointestinal distress -- such as abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting and diarrhea -- as being possible consequences.