Black Cohosh & Arthritis

Black cohosh is a member of the buttercup family commonly found in wooded areas of eastern North America. The fresh and dried root was an important medicinal to various Native American tribes, who first discovered the plant's analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties. Today, it is widely used in Europe to treat menstrual cramps and unpleasant symptoms of menopause, such as hot flashes. The herb is also reputed to relieve inflammation and joint pain associated with rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis. As with any drug, side effects may occur. Check with your doctor before using black cohosh to treat your arthritis symptoms.

Plant Description

Black cohosh produces sweet-smelling clusters of white flowers supported on long black-purple stems that attract insects, earning the plant the nickname black bugbane. The burgundy foliage and long-lasting seed heads provide interesting contrast in the garden, which makes the plant a popular choice for ornamental cultivation. The correct botanical name for this perennial is Actaea racemosa, although some texts may still use its former name, Cimicifuga racemosa.

Pharmacology

Black cohosh root contains several triterpene compounds, including cimifugoside, actein and 27-deoxyactein. These are the three active ingredients responsible for the plant's estrogenic effects. Specifically, they bind to estrogen receptors to block the release of luteinizing hormone, which tends to increase as estrogen levels decline and is to blame for unwanted menopausal symptoms. These compounds, together with isoferulic acid present in the root, also reduce inflammation by lowering interleukin-8 levels.

Anti-inflammatory Effects

According to a study published in the July 14, 2007 issue of "Chemistry and Biology," black cohosh triterpene compounds prevent bone loss by inhibiting a pro-inflammatory immune system chemical called TNFalpha. The University of Maryland Medical Center says that a review of clinical studies showed that a combination of black cohosh, poplar bark, willow bark, guaiacum and sarsaparilla may reduce symptoms of osteoarthritis, a degenerative condition characterized by a loss of cartilage in the joints.

Side Effects

Side effects are uncommon, but some people experience headaches, diarrhea, nausea, dizziness or visual disturbances with high doses. The American Cancer Society cautions that black cohosh may interfere with chemotherapy drugs and other cancer treatments. Because of the plants estrogenic effects, you should not use this herb if you have a history of a hormone-driven condition, such as breast cancer, uterine cancer or endometriosis. In addition, the University of Maryland Medical Center warns that using black cohosh during pregnancy may cause uterine contractions and trigger premature labor.