Early rock climbing techniques were pioneered at the end of the 19th century as the activity began to emerge as a regular sport. While the basics have remained similar, many of the holds and techniques performed in 2011 expand on the original methods. Various climbing techniques are a direct result of the unique rock faces you encounter while climbing.
Laybacking
Laybacking is a basic climbing technique used to help move you up the rock face when your reach can't assist you in climbing up a crack. This technique is executed by simultaneously applying opposing pressure from your feet and hands on a crack found in the rock. As you push off with your hands and feet, you will rise up on the mountain, moving to a higher hold. This technique, also referred to as a layaway, puts pressure on your entire skeletal structure to move you up the rock face.
Overhangs
Overhangs are extensions of rock that must be climbed over using upper-body strength and several distinct climbing techniques. Heel hooks are an early rock climbing technique used to help you get above overhangs. With your arms straight and hanging off an overhang, swing one of your legs up and onto the top of the overhang. Wedge the heel or toe of your foot securely on top of the overhang before rolling your body up and over to get onto the overhang.
Jams
Jams are a basic technique used to help you climb vertical cracks in the rock face. Depending on the separation in the rock, the jam hold you use will vary. If the crack is less than 10 cm in width, you can scale the crack by jamming just your fingers and toes into the crack. As the crack increases in size, you can jam the whole of your hand and even your wrist into the crack for added leverage.
Bridging
Bridging techniques, also referred to as stemming, help you straddle two rock faces that intersect. This technique is performed by spreading your legs out wide until each foot is on a different rock face. From this extended position, extend your arms, placing a hand on each rock phase and pushing your way up the face of the cliff. This technique can also help you avoid directly climbing over overhangs, especially if you do not have the upper-body strength to do so.
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