Peppermint Oil & Migraine Headaches

Peppermint oil is an essential oil derived from the leaves of the peppermint plant. It's used in candy making as well as in aromatherapy applications. It also has a long history as a folk remedy for headaches of all sorts, including tension headaches and migraines. The University of Maryland Medical Center notes that preliminary studies have shown peppermint oil to be effective in reducing headaches, but more research needs to be done to confirm its efficacy. Consult a doctor before using peppermint for a medical condition.

How To Use Peppermint Oil

Peppermint oil can be applied directly to the forehead or temples when a migraine is in process. If you are using the essential oil, dilute it with a carrier oil to avoid skin irritation. Mix 5 to 10 drops of essential oil of peppermint with 1 tablespoon of a neutral carrier oil such as almond or grapeseed. Peppermint oil can also be taken internally in the form of gel capsules, sublingual tablets, drops and chewable tablets.

How It Works

The active ingredient in peppermint oil is menthol, which provides a cooling sensation. When applied externally, this cooling effect helps relax the muscles of the cranium, thus reducing the pain and discomfort of both tension and migraine headaches. Other compounds in the essential oil act as antispasmodics, which is why taking peppermint oil internally can also help the muscles of the cranium relax. As peppermint oil is also an effective anti-nausea treatment, it's an especially good choice for migraines accompanied by queasiness or vomiting.

Side Effects and Cautions

Despite its use as a digestive aid, peppermint oil is known to sometimes cause heartburn. Occasionally, dizziness is reported from use. Peppermint oil can cause skin rashes with topical application. Overdoses are rare but you should be aware that large doses of menthol or pure peppermint oil taken internally can be toxic.

Who Should Avoid Peppermint Oil

Never use topical peppermint oil on an infant or small child; the fumes can cause breathing difficulty and spasms. Pregnant women and nursing mothers should avoid peppermint. Individuals with gastroesophageal reflux or GERD should avoid peppermint, as it tends to relax the esophageal sphincter and aggravate the symptoms of reflux. Peppermint can also aggravate gallstones. Avoid peppermint if you are taking antacids, diabetes drugs, cyclosporine or high blood pressure medications.