Caffeine & Pain

Caffeine is a bitter substance occurring naturally in coffee, tea and chocolate and added to certain soda beverages and medicines. Research demonstrates that caffeine can help to relieve headaches and migraines, as well as reduce the pain associated with muscular tension; however, when consumed in excess, caffeine can induce withdrawal symptoms that heighten sensations of bodily pain and mental aggravation.

Caffeine and Physiology

Caffeine interferes with the receptors of adrenosine, a chemical in the nervous system responsible for sleep-wake cycles. By interfering with adrenosine receptors, caffeine produces feelings of alertness and increased energy. Adreonsine also regulates the dilation of blood vessels in the brain. When caffeine competes at the receptor site, blood vessels constrict, providing relief from headaches. Caffeine also stimulates the elimination of calcium through the urine. Calcium is associated with muscular constriction, and by reducing the amount present in the muscles, caffeine can provide relief from tension and soreness.

Caffeine, Headaches and Migraines

Caffeine is a common ingredient in many over-the-counter headache and migraine medications that contain acetaminophen, such as Exedrin and Anacin. Scientists believe that caffeine increases the pain-relieving effects of acetaminophen and might allow for it to take effect more quickly in the body. Consuming caffeine in beverage form also might offer possible relief for headaches; however, as of 2011 there is inconclusive evidence on the pain reduction effects of caffeinated beverages. As most Americans consume caffeine regularly, researchers suggest that the resulting elevated level of caffeine tolerance diminishes its pain relief effects.

Caffeine and Muscle Pain

Recent research suggests that caffeine can alleviate the fatigue and tension associated with physical exertion. A 2009 study published in the "International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism" found that taking caffeine supplements prior to vigorous cycling worked to significantly reduce muscle pain and soreness. The researchers also note that unlike caffeine use for headache relief, the pain reduction effects of caffeine on muscles were equally effective for people who habitually use the substance and therefore have a high level of tolerance.

Caffeine and Withdrawal Pain

Although caffeine can relieve pain, it also can have the opposite effect. With regular consumption, your central nervous system develops a dependency on the substance that can result in painful experiences of withdrawal. The withdrawal symptoms of caffeine are similar to a headache or migraine, and can include dizziness, sharp head pains, sensitivity to noise, anxiety and irritability. Excessive consumption of caffeine also can be disruptive to sleep patterns, heart rate and mood stability.

Caution

Consume caffeine in moderation. Small amounts of caffeine through either beverages or medications are unlikely to cause harms to your health, but if you are pregnant, nursing or have high blood pressure, be sure to consult your doctor to discuss how much caffeine is appropriate for you.