Stomach acid serves many crucial functions within our gut. Unfortunately, certain foods and diseases can cause excessive acid production. As a result, individuals with excessive stomach acidity are at higher risk for the development of peptic ulcers and acid reflux. Fortunately, there are a number of over-the-counter and prescription treatments available to help reduce stomach acidity.
Stomach Acid
The major component of gastric juices is hydrochloric acid. The acid is produced by parietal cells located in the inner walls of the stomach. Gastric juices aid with digestion by directly breaking larger food particles into smaller units and by activating digestive enzymes. In addition, stomach acid protects the stomach and digestive tract by creating a harsh environment that makes it difficult for most types of bacteria to grow. The stomach itself contains a protective mucus lining that protects it from the acid.
Excessive Stomach Acid
Certain foods that contain high amounts of fat can stimulate excessive acid production. In addition, individuals who suffer from hypersecretory disorders such as Zollinger-Ellison syndrome can experience excessive acid production. Unfortunately, an excessive amount of stomach acid can result in complications within the digestive tract.
Complications
Although the stomach walls contain a protective mucus lining, the presence of excessive acid can overcome the defensive mechanism and erode the stomach tissue. As a result, individuals with excessive stomach acid are at higher risk for peptic ulcers and gastric bleeding. Stomach ulcers typically require medical attention and treatment. Excessive stomach acid can also exacerbate symptoms of acid reflux. As stomach contents are inappropriately passed back into the esophagus, stomach acid irritates the inner linings of the esophagus, causing the burning, painful sensations that are associated with heartburn.
Treatments
There are many over-the-counter antacids designed to neutralize stomach acid. However, many individuals with excessive stomach acid production will require the use of over-the-counter or prescription medications that actually reduce acid production. The two most common classes of drugs used for this purpose are H2 blockers and proton-pump inhibitors. Patients with concerns regarding conditions associated with excessive stomach acid production should consult with their physician.
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