Ratio-methotrexate sodium, commonly known as methotrexate, is a chemotherapy used to treat certain cancers, severe rheumatoid arthritis, and psoriasis that does not respond to usual treatment. Methotrexate belongs to the type of drugs referred to as antimetabolites that interfere with cell division in certain cells, according to MedlinePlus. For example, methotrexate via injection, intravenously or by pill slows the growth of cancer cells, and works on psoriasis by slowing the growth of skin cells. Being a chemotherapeutic agent, side effects are common.
Gastrointestinal Distress
One type of frequently reported side effect from taking this medication is gastrointestinal. Specifically, it's possible that you may experience a general upset stomach or distress in the forms of nausea and/or vomiting as well as a drop in appetite, according to eMedTV. More serious possible gastrointestinal side effects may include, according to MedBroadcast: abdominal pain, vomiting up blood, diarrhea, or tarry stools indicating blood in stools. Since this is a potent drug that is prescribed for severe conditions and closely monitored, the doctor may adjust the dosage to reduce such symptoms.
Leukopenia and Infections
This powerful drug has the potential to cause a low white blood cell count, called leukopenia, which is especially common among those being treated for cancer. This drop in your white blood cell count can further result in you experiencing frequent or serious infections, states eMedTV; indeed, many chemotherapy drugs commonly and temporarily suppress the immune system. A patient may also experience chills and fever. Such possible adverse reactions are more likely to occur if you are receiving high doses of this drug,
Mouth Sores and Hair Loss
An uncomfortable possible side effect involves inflammation and ulcerous sores of the mucous lining of any part the mouth, known as stomatitis. This can include the cheeks, gums, lips, roof or floor of the mouth, and tongue. The prescribing physician can order various soothing treatments for stomatitis. Another common side effect associated with this chemotherapy, especially in high doses, is hair loss. However, this adverse reaction is temporary, so your hair will grow back.
Dizziness and Headache
More possible general side effects may be experienced. For example, you may notice feeling unsteady and dizzy, which may be accompanied by headaches, according to MedlinePlus. Also, you may feel more drowsy than usual or experience an extreme sense of fatigue.
Liver Effects
Methotrexate has been reported to cause toxic reactions of the liver, or hepatotoxicity. During initial use, it is common for liver enzymes to be elevated; however, with long-term use of this medication, fibrosis as well as cirrhosis of the liver may result, explains the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Your physician, monitoring your liver functions and overall health during this drug regimen, will need to order the required medical care so as to meet your condition and needs.
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