The everyday diet of most Italians is a good deal healthier than that of the average American. Washington Post columnist Jennifer LaRue Huget points out that more than three out of four adult Americans are overweight -- a proportion that is higher than in Italy and other Mediterranean countries. The Italian diet is distinctive, but at the same time is typical of other national cuisines in the Mediterranean region in its reliance on vegetables, olive oil and moderate portions.
Lifestyle
An important feature of the Italian diet that contributes to its healthfulness is the place meals occupy in daily life. Eating is generally a social event. People take the time to enjoy their food. Your Guide to Italy points out that this leisurely dining pace means you start to feel full before you have eaten as much, compared to rushing through a meal. There are relatively few fast food restaurants by American standards. Menus are likely to feature salads with olive oil and vinegar dressing instead of hamburgers, french fries and other fattening foods.
Makeup
Like other Mediterranean cuisines, the Italian diet relies on polyunsaturated olive oil rather than butter and oils with saturated fats. Meat is used mainly to add flavor to dishes instead of being the main course. Poultry and fish are used more than red meat. Whole grain breads and pastas are popular, not refined grains. Fruits and vegetables form a larger portion of the Italian diet than you see in America. A glass or two of wine typically accompanies a meal.
Benefits
According to the Mayo Clinic, Italian and other Mediterranean-style diets help to lower the risk of Parkinson's and Alzheimer's diseases. This type of food is also associated with reduced mortality due to cardiovascular disease and cancer. An Italian diet also promotes weight reduction and control due to its composition. The Italian diet is dominated by fruits, vegetables and moderate servings of whole grains. Fats, especially unhealthy saturated fats, are limited. Finally, portions are generally smaller than you find on American menus.
Typical Menu
It's important to realize that a healthy Italian diet means authentic Italian food preparation, not Americanized recipes. For example, true Italian pizza features a thin crust, moderate amounts of cheese and plenty of vegetable toppings, not the calorie-rich American version laden with pepperoni, sausage and/or beef. To start the day, Italians frequently have no more than a croissant and coffee. Lunch is likely to be a serving of whole grain pasta plus a fruit salad.
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