The term neuropathy is used to describe damage to nerves somewhere in the body. Central neuropathy indicates damage to the central nervous system, which is composed of the brain and the spinal cord. Meanwhile, peripheral neuropathy points toward damage of other nerves, such as those in the extremities or the trunk. Certain vitamin deficiencies can cause and exacerbate neuropathies.
Vitamin B-1 Deficiency
According to the Mayo Clinic, the B vitamins are particularly important to nerve health. Thiamine is also important for the health of skin, hair, eyes and the liver. Thiamine is known as the anti-stress vitamin for its role in strengthening the immune system and for helping the body endure stressful situations. Thiamine deficiency can cause a condition called beriberi, which can affect the nervous system. The symptoms of peripheral neuropathy caused by thiamine deficiency include tingling and burning of the extremities, confusion and uncontrolled eye movements.
Pyridoxine Deficiency
Pyridoxine, or vitamin B-6, is another member of the B-vitamin complex that is important for the health of the nervous system. According to the University of Maryland Medical Center, vitamin B-6 is also important in the production of neurotransmitters, the molecules nerves use to communicate with each other. Pyridoxine deficiency is rare, although it can occur in infants and the elderly. Symptoms of neuropathy caused by pyridoxine deficiency include irritability, memory loss, nervousness and difficulty concentrating. Pyridoxine deficiency also causes peripheral neuropathy, with tingling and burning of the extremities, and pain.
Vitamin B-12 Deficiency
Vitamin B-12 deficiency is common in the United States, particularly among the elderly, those with an unbalanced vegetarian diet, people suffering from conditions that impair the absorption of this vitamin from the intestines, and alcoholics. According to the University of Chicago, vitamin B-12 deficiency causes anemia, nerve damage and degeneration of the spinal cord nerves. Symptoms of vitamin B-12 deficiency include pain and numbness of the hands and feet, lack of coordination and weakness.
Vitamin E Deficiency
Vitamin E is a fat-soluble vitamin, which means the body is able to store this nutrient for future use. Because of this, vitamin E deficiency is rare. It can occur in premature babies and in people with fat-malabsorption syndromes, which can impair the absorption of fat-soluble vitamins like vitamin E. Symptoms of vitamin E deficiency includes peripheral neuropathy, with weakness, burning and tingling sensations, and ataxia, or inability to maintain balance.
