Glucosamine and chondroitin are natural compounds in the body that aid in the development and maintenance of the body's joints. Used in supplement form, glucosamine sulfate and chondroitin have shown some promise in alleviating osteoarthritis pain and inflammation, particularly in cases affecting the knee. Some evidence suggests that these supplements may help decrease joint deterioration in osteoarthritis sufferers, slowing the progression of the disease.
Glucosamine
An amino sugar that is produced by the body, glucosamine is an essential ingredient in the manufacture and repair of the cartilage that helps cushion and protect the body's joints and is a component of synovial fluid, which keeps joints lubricated. According to MayoClinic.com, evidence based on human research supports the use of glucosamine sulfate supplements in the treatment of mild to moderate knee osteoarthritis. Benefits of glucosamine use in osteoarthritis treatment include pain relief and improved joint function, which may be attributable to anti-inflammatory effects of glucosamine sulfate.
Chondroitin
Chondroitin, also a natural compound that is present in cartilage, helps to provide its structure and keep it hydrated and healthy by absorbing water and nutrients. Chondroitin may also help protect against enzymes that break down cartilage. The University of Maryland Medical Center says that results from several well-designed scientific studies suggest that chondroitin sulfate supplements may be an effective treatment for osteoarthritis, particularly of the hip and knee. Results from these studies suggest that chondroitin reduces pain, improves functional status of people with osteoarthritis of the hip or knee, reduces joint stiffness and swelling and provides relief from osteoarthritis symptoms for up to three months after supplementation is stopped.
Considerations
Glucosamine supplements are available in two basic forms, glucosamine hydrochloride and glucosamine sulfate. According to a 2007 study published in the journal "Drugs & Aging," there are significant differences between these two forms of glucosamine. Study authors state that there is compelling evidence that glucosamine sulfate and chondroitin sulfate may interfere with the progression of osteoarthritis, having a structure-modifying effect on joints. The study also notes that, while there is some evidence that use of glucosamine hydrochloride and chondroitin may be effective in reducing pain and inflammation in patients with moderate to severe knee pain, glucosamine hydrochloride has not been shown to slow osteoarthritis progression.
Cautions
While glucosamine sulfate and chondroitin are well-tolerated by most users, there are some possible side effects that consumers should be aware of. Most common are mild side effects that can include heartburn, diarrhea, constipation and nausea. Less common side effects include drowsiness, headache and skin reactions. Diabetics and those who are taking prescription medications should clear glucosamine sulfate and chondroitin use with their physicians, because interactions are possible. In rare cases, the use of glucosamine sulfate and chondroitin has caused a temporary elevation of blood pressure, increased heart rate and palpitations.
References
- University of Maryland Medical Center; Complementary Medicine; Glucosamine; Steven D. Ehrlich, NMD; June 2009
- University of Maryland Medical Center; Complementary Medicine; Chondroitin; Steven D. Ehrlich, NMD; December 2008
- MayoClinic.com; Drugs and Supplements; Glucosamine; April 2011
- MayoClinic.com; Drugs and Supplements; Chondroitin Sulfate; April 2011
- "Drugs & Aging"; Glucosamine and Chondroitin Sulfate as Therapeutic Agents for Knee and Hip Osteoarthritis; O. Bruyere et al.; August 2007
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