The anterior cruciate ligament, or ACL, is one of the most commonly injured ligaments of the knee. Each year, there are an estimated 200,000 ACL injuries and 100,000 ACL reconstructive surgeries, according to the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons. Whether you have surgery or not, physical therapy is an essential part of recovery and a way to progress through the necessary stages to return to activity.
Pain Management
Initial recovery after an ACL injury involves pain management. Use ice to reduce pain and swelling. Keeping the knee elevated also will assist with swelling. Frequently, a compression wrap or brace is used. You will need to restrict your activity to avoid aggravation of the injury or disruption of the healing process. This part of the process will continue throughout the therapy and recovery period.
Stabilization
Each level of progress in the process or physical therapy is based on the amount of stability in the healing process. You may need external support in the form of a hinged knee brace or compression sleeve wrap. Closed chain exercises, such as knee bends, keep the foot of the injured knee on the ground or machine during the exercise and maintain controlled movements. Exercises within your pain tolerance strengthen the support structures around the knee.
Restoration of Range of Motion
Restoring range of motion of the injured knee back to its prior level is critical. Any loss of motion can present future problems, so it's important to keep the kneecap mobile. This process may take four to six months. Make gradual increases in weight resistance during the process of increasing range of motion to improve stability and balance with movement.
Restoration of Strength
If your pain is under control, and you have stability and mobility, add additional weight resistance to the process. If you are returning to a particular sport, introduce exercises specific to that sport. Although the rehabilitation process is over, you may choose to wear a hinged brace support for extra confidence.
