Losing excess weight can result in a significant reduction in potential health risks such as heart disease, diabetes and musculoskeletal problems. Reducing these risks makes weight loss surgery a lifesaver for many individuals who struggle to lose weight using conventional methods. However, just having the surgery is not enough to have positive effects. Those who opt for the surgery must follow a very specific diet to reduce potential complications and ensure successful weight loss.
Small Frequent Meals
Most weight loss surgeries result in a significant reduction in the size of the stomach. This means meals must be much smaller to avoid vomiting and/or stretching of the stomach. If the stomach is stretched, the purpose of the surgery will be negated. Instead of aiming for the usual the large meals, you should have five or six small meals per day. Each meal should contain no more than two to four tablespoons of food.
High Protein
Despite the huge reduction in food intake, it is important to get sufficient protein to promote healing and minimize the amount of muscle loss. You can meet protein goals by drinking a protein supplement. Most individuals require about 3 cups per day of a protein supplement. You should consume this by taking 1 oz. every 15 minutes. Supplements should be low in sugar and fat.
Low Fat and Low Sugar
After weight loss surgery, consuming foods high in fat and sugar can lead to vomiting or diarrhea. Avoid foods high in sugar such as juice, honey, and desserts, as well as foods high in fat such as fried foods and fatty meats. Vomiting and diarrhea are not only unpleasant, but can lead to complications such as gastric tears and/or dehydration.
Hydration
Meeting fluid needs after weight loss surgery can be very difficult due to the restricted size of the stomach. However, it is very important to consume enough fluids to keep adequately hydrated. Most people need about 2 cups per day in addition to the 3 cups of protein supplement. Water or a sugar-free noncarbonated drink are the best choices. Sip small amounts of fluid throughout the day between meals. Avoid drinking during a meal to ensure adequate consumption of other nutrients.
Vitamins and MInerals
Because food intake will be greatly restricted after weight loss surgery, it is essential to take daily vitamin and mineral supplements. Liquid or chewable multivitamins with iron are the best choices. Include additional calcium in a liquid or chewable form. Vitamin B-12 is another vitamin you need to individually supplement after weight loss surgery. You can get either a daily pill that dissolves under the tongue or a monthly injection.
References
- "Krause's Food and Nutrition Therapy;" L. Kathleen Mahan MS, RD, CDE; Sylvia Escott Stump MA, RD, LDN; 2008
- "Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease;" Maurice Shils MD, SCD; Moshe Shike MD; 2005
- American Dietetic Association: Bariatric Surgery Nutrition Therapy
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