Minerals are needed in your diet to maintain the health and function of your organs. If you do not get enough iodine, it can affect the function of your thyroid gland, which will also alter your metabolism. Talk to your doctor if you are concerned about an iodine deficiency, because very high doses can be toxic.
Iodine and Thyroid Function
Iodine is a non-metallic element the body needs in small amounts. The most important physiological role of iodine is in the function of the thyroid gland. Iodine is needed to make the two thyroid hormones, known as T4 and T3. Your thyroid gland traps iodine in your blood to make these hormones. Different foods contain varying iodine levels, depending on how much iodine is in the soil. Iodine is also added to salt in developed countries to prevent deficiencies.
Thyroid Hormone and Metabolism
The hormones your thyroid gland produces regulate your metabolism. Thyroid hormone is important because it binds to DNA and can stimulate the production of different proteins. All your cells can respond to thyroid hormone levels. When thyroid hormone gets into your cells, it increases the amount of energy your cells use, thus raising your metabolism. Thyroid hormone increases the amount of heat each cell produces and also speeds the rate at which they burn carbohydrates and lipids for fuel.
Hypothyroidism
If you do not get enough iodine in your diet, you will develop an underactive thyroid or hypothyroidism. Hypothyroidism can cause you to feel sluggish or fatigued. It also leads to intolerance to cold and can cause unintended weight gain due to slow metabolism. Other symptoms of an iodine deficiency include constipation, pale or dry skin, puffy face, hoarse voice, muscle weakness and unusually brittle hair and fingernails.
Diagnosis and Treatment
If you are concerned you are getting insufficient iodine, talk to your doctor. Your doctor can perform blood tests that measure the function of your thyroid and the levels of iodine in your blood. Do not attempt to self-diagnose and treat an iodine deficiency because an iodine overdose can cause nausea; vomiting; diarrhea; a weak pulse; burning of the mouth, stomach and throat; and a coma. However, this typically only occurs if several grams of iodine are ingested.
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