1. Take a Good Look
Older people are likely to fall. Each year 35 to 40 percent of adults older than age 65 years living at home fall, with this increasing to 50 to 60 percent for those older than age 75 years. Frail elderly not only have a high incidence of falls, but a high susceptibility to falls injury. Checking out a senior's residence for safety hazards is one way you can to help seniors, especially those with dementia, remain safely at home for as long as possible.
The best way a family member or friend can evaluate the risk of falls in a loved one is to spend a day with the person. Follow the person around during the usual daily routine. Write down anything he is struggling with and what potential problems in the home need to be addressed. It is important to track not only falls but also near falls--sudden losses of balance that do not result in a fall or other injury as these are associated with increased risk for falls. Near falls may include slips, stumbles or trips, but the person is able to regain control prior to falling.
If you need professional help, ask the older person's doctor about getting a home safety evaluation by a registered nurse or therapist. Home safety evaluations are a service offered by home health agencies in all areas of the US.
2. Keep a Fit Home
Clutter, throw rugs, improper footwear, improper lighting and electrical cords contribute to accidents at home. The good news is that once you have identified the danger areas, there are many aids available at your local pharmacy or medical supply store. Grab bars for the shower, non-skid decals for the tub and unbreakable shower doors are important safety features for the bathroom are common examples. Make ample use of reflector tape for stairs and steps, install night lights, and replace furniture that will slide if leaned on. Your home safety inventory will be a great help in deciding what you need.
3. Promote Exercise to Improve Strength and Balance
Here are some tips from the American Academy of Orthopedic Surgeons and the National Athletic Trainers' Association to help prevent injuries from falls.
Keep muscles and bones strong, by following an exercise regimen:
-- Strength training with weight bearing and resistive exercise works for all age groups.
-- Practice exercises designed to help improve balance.
-- Exercise at least 3 days a week to improve strength, flexibility and balance.
-- Choose low-impact exercises, such as yoga, tai chi and Pilates to avoid stress on joints.
-- Stretch daily to improve flexibility and mobility.
