Phytoestrogens are a group of plant-based chemicals that exhibit both estrogenic and antiestrogenic properties depending on their concentration, gender, menopausal status and endogenous estrogen levels of the individual. They are categorized into lignans and isoflavones and are commonly found in foods such soy, barley, flaxseed, lentils, beans, clover and fennel. Synthetic and natural phytoestrogen supplements also are available at most natural food stores. Phytoestrogens have been used traditionally to treat a variety of conditions. However, always talk to doctor before using them as they are associated with severe side effects, such epilepsy, migraine and hypercalcemia.
Cancer
Consuming foods rich in soy and phytoestrogens may help prevent thyroid cancer in women, according to a study published in the January 2002 issue of the journal "Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers and Prevention." However, another study in the December 2006 issue of the journal "Endocrine-Related Cancer" suggests that phytoestrogens may bring about the anti-proliferative effects only at concentrations that cannot be achieved by dietary intake. Hence, it is important to consult a doctor to determine a dose that is right for you.
Heart Disease
Some studies, according to the Linus Pauling Institute, have indicated that intake of soy isoflavones reduces arterial stiffness in menopausal women and may thereby, reduce the risk of cardiovascular diseases. Another study in a 2001 issue of the "Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry" reveals that when combined with foods rich in vitamin C, soy and alfalfa flavonoids and phytoestrogens may prevent the oxidation of low-density lipoproteins that are implicated in coronary heart disease. However, the studies indicate that more research is needed to prove these benefits conclusively. So, do not use phytoestrogens without asking a doctor.
Hot Flashes
High doses of isoflavones, such as genistein, may help manage hot flushes in postmenopausal women who are not being treated with hormone replacement therapy, according to a study published in the December 2009 issue of the "Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology Research." However, the Linus Pauling Institute states that other studies have indicated mixed results. Hence, use phytoestrogen supplements to treat menopausal symptoms only under the supervision of a doctor.
Osteoporosis
Pyhtoestrogen-rich foods may help improve bone density and metabolism without any significant side effects and may, thus, play an important role in the prevention of postmenopausal osteoporosis that occurs due to the low levels of estrogen in the body of women, according to researchers of a 2005 study published in the journal "Current Topics in Neutraceutical Research." However, as with other benefits, it is best to consult a doctor before using phytoestrogens.
References
- "AACR"; Phytoestrogens and Thyroid Cancer Risk; Pamela L. Horn-Ross, et al.; January 2002
- "Endocrine-Related Cancer"; Phytoestrogens and Breast Cancer --- Promoters or Protectors?"; Suman Rice, et al.; December 2006
- Linus Pauling Institute: Soy Isoflavones
- "Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry"; Soy and Alfalfa Phytoestrogen Extracts Become Potent Low-Density Lipoprotein Antioxidants ... ; J. Hwang, et al.; 2001
- "Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology"; Soy Extract Phytoestrogens with High Dose of Isoflavones for Menopausal Symptoms; Augusto Ferrari; December 2009
- "Current Topics in Neutraceutical Research"; Utility of Dietary Phytoestrogens in Preventing Postmenopausal Osteoporosis; Luigi Mario Chiechi, et al.; 2005
