With new diet plans being developed and promoted so frequently, it's easy to lose track of all the diet options available, but you've probably heard of the macrobiotic or microbiotic diet at some point. There is no difference between a macrobiotic diet and a microbiotic diet -- the two names describe the same diet philosophy. But understanding the nuances of the diet requires more concentration than simply understanding the names.
Identification
The macrobiotic or microbiotic diet involves eating foods that are not only high in fiber, but also low in fat. Although it's not technically a vegetarian diet, many of the foods consumed on the diet are plant based. The diet focuses mainly on the consumption of whole grains and vegetables. Additionally, fish, legumes, seeds, nuts and fresh fruit can be consumed. Ideally, all foods consumed on the macrobiotic diet are grown organically and eaten fresh. The microwave should never be used to prepare foods and using electricity in any form is often discouraged. The overall goal of the diet is to balance yin and yang, complementary energy forms that some cultures believe to be present inside every person, food and object. Foods prohibited from the macrobiotic diet include sugar, eggs, meat, cheese, processed foods, most spices, caffeine and alcohol.
Benefits
Any diet that promotes the consumption of whole grains, fruits and vegetables can be linked to a variety of health benefits. Because the diet is high in fiber and low in fat and sugar, it can be associated with a reduced risk of many chronic health conditions, including obesity, diabetes and cardiovascular disease. The macrobiotic diet is also high in phytoestrogens, a group of chemicals that occur naturally in plants. These chemicals act similar to the hormone estrogen, which plays a significant role in a woman's bone and heart health.
Deficiencies
Because certain food groups are completely avoided on the microbiotic diet, nutritional deficiencies can develop. Specifically, limiting or eliminating meat and dairy products from your diet can easily result in a deficiency of iron, protein, calcium, magnesium, zinc, vitamin D and vitamin B12. Because the macrobiotic diet does not promote the use of vitamins or nutritional supplements, you'll need to make sure the foods you are eating provide sufficient vitamins and nutrients.
Dangers
Although phytoestrogens can contribute to a healthy heart and bones, Cornell University explains that high exposure to these chemicals over many years has been linked to an increased risk of breast cancer. Although further studies are necessary to explain the link between phytoestrogens and breast cancer, consult your physician before starting a macrobiotic diet -- especially if you have a family history of breast cancer. Pregnant and breastfeeding women should also consult a physician before beginning the diet.
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