Bilberries, or huckleberries, are native to northern Europe. They're related to both blueberries and cranberries, but their flavor resembles blueberries. Bilberries have been used in jams and pies, and Europeans have treated diseases with bilberries for more than 1,000 years.
Anthocyanins
Anthocyanins are members of the flavonoid class of a group of phytochemicals called polyphenols. Anthocyanins are pigments that give fruits, vegetables and flowers their red, purple and blue colors. Anthocyanins have been studied for their roles in pollination attractants and as phytoprotective agents.
Antioxidants
Anthocyanins are antioxidants that reduce the free-radical damage from smoking, pollution, other toxins and excessive sun exposure. Bilberries also contain vitamin C and tannins. Vitamin C is necessary for connective tissue and immune system function, and is an antioxidant. Tannins are astringent phytochemicals that might help reduce inflammation.
Therapeutic Use
Bilberries have not been studied extensively for therapeutic benefits in humans, so most evidence is anecdotal or traditional for treatment of diabetes or diarrhea. Animal studies show bilberries might strengthen blood vessels, and some studies show bilberry extract might improve the symptoms of chronic venous insufficiency. Anthocyanins might also improve night vision, but not enough evidence exists to support this claim, according to the National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine.
Caution
Bilberry is safe when it is consumed as fruit and in foods that contain bilberry as an ingredient. The National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine says high doses or extended use of bilberry leaf or leaf extract can become toxic. Bilberry might also interact with medications used for diabetes and to slow blood clotting. Always talk to your doctor before taking any type of dietary supplements, including bilberry or bilberry leaf extracts.
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