In multiple sclerosis, a degenerative disease, the immune system slowly eats away at the protective sheath of your nerves. Symptoms -- which may come and go unpredictably -- include weakness, numbness, loss of vision and fatigue. Medications may help to modify the course of the disease and alleviate symptoms. Some people turn to herbal remedies -- including ginseng -- to combat fatigue from multiple sclerosis. Although clinical studies on ginseng's ability to fight fatigue have been disappointing, the herb may offer some benefits. Consult your doctor before taking ginseng.
Features
Two types of ginseng are used herbally. American ginseng, botanically known as Panax quinquefolius, is grown commercially in Wisconsin and Canada, while Asian ginseng, or Panax ginseng, is cultivated in Korea and China. The constituents are similar, although University of Maryland Medical Center reports that American ginseng is considered less stimulating than Asian ginseng. A third type of ginseng -- Siberian ginseng -- is only a distant relative, with different properties. Ginseng has been used medicinally since roughly the first century CE, and is a mainstay of Traditional Chinese Medicine. According to the doctrine of signatures, an ancient philosophy, ginseng root's roughly human shape indicates that it can strengthen the human body. Native Americans employed American ginseng to treat digestive disorders and sexual problems, while Asian ginseng has traditionally been used to promote well being and vigor, and as a remedy for colds, diabetes, hepatitis and cirrhosis of the liver.
Constituents and Effects
The active ingredient in both types of ginseng is a group of saponins -- or natural soap-like substances -- called ginsenosides. In addition, Asian and American ginseng contain triterpene glycosides, xanthines, volatile oils, acetylenes, and polysaccharides. B-complex vitamins -- including pantothenic acid -- are present, as well as assorted minerals, enzymes and the amino acid choline.
Ginseng is classified as an adaptogen, meaning it can help the body cope with stress. Drugs.com -- which provides peer-reviewed medical information to consumers -- credits ginseng with antioxidant, analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects, and reports that it may enhance mental and physical abilities and help protect against disease. Health Canada endorses ginseng to enhance the immune system and reduce the intensity and duration of cold and flu symptoms, while The Multiple Sclerosis Resource Centre endorses it to boost the immune system and support the adrenal glands.
Research
In a review of clinical studies published in 2003 in "American Family Physician," the authors evaluated the effects of Asian ginseng. They concluded it was effective in boosting the immune system, lifting mood and enhancing mental alertness and function, but was ineffective in enhancing physical performance. At the 2009 annual meeting of the American Academy of Neurology, Edward Kim, M.D., presented the findings of a six-week controlled clinical trial sponsored by the National Multiple Sclerosis Society on the ability of American ginseng to reduce fatigue. According to Kim, ginseng showed no benefit.
Usages and Considerations
Ginseng is available as an extract standardized to contain 4 to 5 percent ginsenosides, and may be taken in dosages of 100 to 200 mg one to three times a day. Adverse effects can include nausea, diarrhea, insomnia and headaches. Ginseng can act on blood pressure, and may interact with prescription medication. Consult your doctor before taking ginseng. Don't take ginseng if you have bipolar disorder, a history of breast cancer, or are pregnant or breastfeeding.
References
- Drugs.com: Complete Panax Ginseng Information
- Blue Shield of California Complementary and Alternative Health: American Ginseng
- University of Maryland Medical Center; Asian Ginseng; UMMC Staff; March 2009
- University of Maryland Medical Center: American Ginseng; UMMC Staff; March 2010
- Multiple Sclerosis Resource Centre: Herbal Remedies: Staff, 2011
- "American Family Physician"; Panax Ginseng; David Kiefer, M.D. and Traci Pantuso, B.S.; October 2003
