Potassium deficiency is rarely caused by inadequate dietary intake, notes MedlinePlus. However, a variety of other conditions can decrease potassium absorption, resulting in potassium deficiency, or hypokalemia. See your doctor if you have any of the conditions that may contribute to hypokalemia, or experience symptoms regularly.
About Potassium
Potassium plays an important role in bodily functions. It is particularly crucial to proper nerve and muscle cell functioning. Potassium also aids in protein synthesis and carbohydrate metabolism, and helps regulate the heart. Foods that contain potassium include meat, fish, soy products, and many fruits and vegetables. Potassium is in so many foods that it is uncommon to become deficient from a poor diet. The recommended daily intake for potassium is 4.7 g.
Deficiency Symptoms
Low potassium may result in a variety of unpleasant symptoms. Usually, mild deficiency has no symptoms. A moderate deficiency may cause salt sensitivity and increased blood pressure. Other symptoms may include weakness, fatigue, constipation, abnormal heart rhythm and muscle cramps. Severe deficiencies can cause paralysis and muscle fiber breakdown. Blood levels that fall below 2.5 mEq/L may be life-threatening.
Causes
Hypokalemia may be related to a variety of factors. Those who take antibiotics like carbenicillin, gentamicin, amphotericin B or diuretics may be more likely to develop a potassium deficiency. Diarrhea, sweating and vomiting may also cause levels to drop. Some diseases, such as Cushing's syndrome, Fanconi syndrome and hyperaldosteronism may also reduce the kidneys' ability to retain potassium and reduce potassium levels. Eating disorders like bulimia may cause hypokalemia, due to excessive vomiting or use of laxatives. According to a study published in the July 2008 "Cases Journal," long-term, excessive soda intake may also result in chronic hypokalemia.
Treatment and Prevention
See your doctor if you suspect a potassium deficiency. If blood tests reveal hypokalemia, you have a few treatment options. Mild cases are usually resolved with oral supplementation. If you have severe hypokalemia, you may need to receive intravenous treatment. If you take diuretics and experience chronic hypokalemia, your doctor will probably change your diuretic medication. In most cases, you can prevent potassium deficiency by eating a variety of foods that contain potassium. Do not take potassium supplements without your doctor's recommendation.
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