Melatonin, a natural hormone produced by the pineal gland in the brain, aids in the regulation of other hormones and the body's sleep cycle. In supplement form, melatonin is said to be beneficial in the treatment of a number of health concerns, such as insomnia, jet lag, menopause, cluster headaches and many others. Melatonin supplements are generally considered safe in moderate dosages, but some side effects and interactions with prescribed medications are possible, so consult your health care professional before use.
Sleep Effects and Daytime Drowsiness
Vivid dreams and nightmares have been reported in people who use melatonin supplements, as have incidents of sleepwalking. Taking too much melatonin can disrupt the body's circadian rhythms, which can affect daytime alertness levels. Some melatonin users may experience daytime drowsiness, headaches, confusion and dizziness. University of Maryland Medical center recommends lowering your dose of melatonin if you experience these side effects. Don't drive or use machinery within four to five hours of taking melatonin.
Gastrointestinal Effects
Some melatonin users have experienced gastrointestinal side effects, such as abdominal discomfort and cramping, vomiting and diarrhea. Melatonin may also trigger an increase of symptoms in people who have Crohn's disease.
Depression
People with depression should take melatonin only under the supervision of a medical professional, as melatonin can increase symptoms of depression. Additionally, according to University of Maryland Medical Center, melatonin has been shown in an animal study to reduce the effectiveness of antidepressant medications.
Seizure Disorders
Medline Plus cautions that taking melatonin can increase the risk of seizure in people with seizure disorders, such as epilepsy. According to University of Maryland Medical center, there is conflicting evidence as to the effects of melatonin on seizure disorders, with some studies showing decreased frequency and duration of seizures in children with its use, while others indicate an increase of seizure activity.
Medication Interactions
Individuals who are being treated for high blood pressure should take melatonin supplements only under the supervision of a doctor, as interactions can occur with certain hypertension medications. Melatonin may also interact with medications prescribed for diabetes, immunosuppressants, NSAIDs, blood-thinning medication and birth control pills.
Considerations
MayoClinic.com advises that taking melatonin supplements for more than two months may be harmful; the best dosage has yet to be established. When using melatonin derived from animal sources, contamination can be an issue, so supplements made of artificial ingredients may be safer.
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