How Does Caffeine Affect Us?

Caffeine is naturally present in many plants and also added to beverages and other products to provide beneficial effects. Although moderate caffeine consumption is not necessarily harmful, excessive amounts can cause unwanted side effects. Caffeine also might interact with certain medications and increase the severity and intensity of some medical conditions.

About Caffeine

Due to its effects on the central nervous system, caffeine technically is classified as a drug. It has a bitter taste that is characteristic of many caffeinated products, such as chocolate, coffee and tea. It also is added to sports beverages and soft drinks. As noted by the Nemours Foundation, the effects of caffeine might last up to six hours, although it is not stored by the body. Some people are more sensitive to caffeine than others, and regular use decreases sensitivity.

Beneficial Effects

Caffeine most commonly is used to increase alertness because it stimulates the central nervous system, which includes the spinal cord, brain and nerves. These stimulant effects cause you to feel more awake and alert, and also might increase focus and concentration. According to Katherine Zeratsky of MayoClinic.com, caffeine also might prevent weight gain and aid in weight loss, but its effects are not very significant and increased consumption will not cause permanent weight loss.

Harmful Effects

Caffeine always should be consumed in moderation. Excessive amounts might negatively impact the central nervous system, causing lack of sleep and anxiety. According to the Federal Drug Administration, overdose has been linked to death. Pregnant women, adolescents and children should be especially careful to limit their caffeine intake to recommended amounts. Because caffeine causes increased acid release in the stomach, it also can cause heartburn.

Considerations

To avoid negative side effects, limit your caffeine consumption to 300 mg per day, which is equivalent to about four cups of coffee. Consuming 500 to 600 mg on a regular basis might cause health effects. If caffeine keeps you awake at night, be sure to avoid drinking caffeinated beverages in the evening or taking medications that contain caffeine. If you want to cut back on your caffeine intake, do it gradually to avoid withdrawal symptoms such as headache, irritability and depression.