A variety of health conditions cause symptoms such as painful bowel movements and bloating -- some being more serious than others. Having occasional bloating or irregularity is often nothing to be concerned about; however, consulting your doctor is important if you're experiencing these symptoms continually. A major priority is to find out if you have colorectal cancer. If cancer is ruled out, addressing other possible causes -- ranging from constipation to bowel dysfunction -- becomes the goal.
Constipation
Having normal bowel movements becomes difficult if your stool has become too hard or dry. This can occur when your colon, or large intestine, does not move waste material effectively or if an excessive amount of water has been absorbed from it. Being constipated is defined as having a bowel movement less than three times a week, according to the National Digestive Diseases Information Clearinghouse. Your movements may be particularly painful as your body tries to expel the waste, causing excessive straining. You may also have a full feeling or bloating in the abdominal area.
Functional Bowel Disorders
Constipation is a symptom -- and it may be a sign of a functional bowel disorder. Functional bowel disorders, such as irritable bowel syndrome and functional dyspepsia, are conditions affecting how your gastrointestinal system functions. Both of these disorders may cause significant distress, including bloating and constipation. One key difference to point out is that your IBS symptoms may improve after having a bowel movement, whereas pain doesn't get better afterward in functional dyspepsia. The exact cause of these conditions is not clear and many possible symptoms exist, making diagnosis a challenge.
Colorectal Cancer
The American Cancer Society estimates that 49,380 people will die from colorectal cancer in the United States during 2011. Constipation and feeling as if you have not eliminated all waste during bowel movements are associated with these cancers. You may develop frequent bloating, abdominal cramping and gas pains, according to the National Cancer Institute. Other signs to be on the lookout for include narrow stools, rectal bleeding, blood in the stool, unintentional weight loss and fatigue. Colorectal cancer in the beginning stages may have no symptoms, highlighting why screenings are so vital.
Role of Diet
Constipation, functional bowel disorders, cancer -- all can be associated with diet in some way. Whether you're having an occasional bout of constipation or your irregularity is due to a more serious condition, eating a poor diet can be a contributing factor. Although how food affects the GI system varies, consuming a diet of fatty foods may trigger symptoms of functional dyspepsia or other conditions. Low fiber intake also ups your risk for constipation. The American Cancer Society reports that high intake of both processed and red meats puts you at risk for colorectal cancer. Sticking to a nutritious diet containing more plant-sourced foods may not only reduce your cancer risk but also help you manage other GI issues.
References
- National Digestive Diseases Information Clearinghouse; Constipation; July 2007
- University of Michigan Health System: What are Functional Bowel Disorders?
- UNC Center for Functional GI & Motility Disorders; Functional Dyspepsia; Yehuda Ringel, MD
- National Cancer Institute: Colon Cancer Treatment
- National Cancer Institute: Rectal Cancer Treatment
- American Cancer Society: What are the Risk Factors for Colorectal Cancer?
