The Differences Of Minerals & Vitamins

Minerals and vitamins are essential nutrients you need from food or supplements to sustain health and prevent disease. Minerals and vitamins are in a category called micronutrients because you need them in small quantities. These micronutrients differ in chemistry and biological function in your body. A deficiency or excess of any of these micronutrients could increase your risk of disease. Consult your doctor about your diet and the differences of minerals and vitamins.

Chemistry of Minerals

Minerals are inorganic elements that come from water or soil and are found in food. Unlike vitamins, minerals are not soluble in water or oil. There are two types of minerals. Macrominerals are needed in large amounts. Macrominerals include calcium, chloride, magnesium, phosphorous, potassium, sodium and sulfur. Microminerals are trace elements needed in tiny amounts and include chromium, cobalt, copper, fluoride, iodine, iron, manganese, molybdenum and zinc. There are other minerals that scientists do not know enough about in humans. Arsenic, boron, cadmium, lead, lithium, nickel, silicon, tin and vanadium may have a dietary role but can be toxic even in small quantities. Plant-based foods are the primary sources of minerals in your diet.

Functions of Minerals

The primary functions of macrominerals are to support the structure of cells and tissues and act as electrolytes to conduct electricity. Calcium, magnesium and phosphorous play significant roles in building and maintaining bones, teeth and other types of connective tissue that provides structure to your skeleton. Potassium and sodium are electrolytes that support the function of the heart and nerve cells and also affect blood pressure. The more sodium you eat, the higher your blood pressure. Microminerals serve as catalysts for enzymes in chemical reactions throughout your body.

Chemistry of Vitamins

Vitamins are organic compounds that include carbon, hydrogen and other elements. There are two types of vitamins. Water-soluble vitamins, such as the B vitamins and vitamin C, are not stored in your body; therefore, you need to replenish water -oluble vitamins each day from food or supplements. Fat-soluble vitamins, including vitamins A, D, E and K, can be stored in your body. These vitamins require fat from food to digest and absorb into your body. Fresh fruits and vegetables and whole grains are the best dietary sources of vitamins.

Functions of Vitamins

Contrary to belief, vitamins do not provide you with energy; however, they do support chemical reactions in your body that transform carbohydrates, fats and proteins into calories for energy. Vitamin A is needed for vision and immune function. The B vitamins participate in chemical reactions for energy, support neurological function and build red blood cells. Vitamin C is needed for synthesis of collagen. Vitamin D stimulates your immune system. Vitamin E protects cell membranes from chemical breakdown called lipid peroxidation. Vitamin K helps you stop bleeding.