Spinal fusion surgery is basically a welding of the vertebrae using rods or wire mesh to create one long bone, according to the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons (AAOS). The procedure stops movement between the joints so that you cannot bend, flex or rotate at the fused joints. The T1 vertebra is the first thoracic vertebra at the top of your back right below your neck. The L4 is the fourth lumbar vertebra in your low back. A fusion of T1 to L4 goes down most of your back and extremely limits movement.
Core Strengthening
Your core includes the muscles all the way around your midsection that allow you to flex, bend and rotate the spine. You will have to change how you exercise the muscles of your core after fusion because now your spine will not move. Instead you need to focus on stabilization or contracting the muscles of your core and using your limbs to stimulate muscular adaptation. There are many different exercises that you can do but only after you get approval from your surgeon and physical therapist. Each person's recovery is different so there is no exact number of sets and repetitions that is appropriate for all people that have a T1 to L4 fusion.
"Hook-Lying" with Both Arms
Lie on a table or the floor with your knees bent and feet flat on the floor. Your arms are by your sides and shoulders are away from your ears. This is neutral position. Inhale and slowly raise your arms up to the ceiling and overhead by your ears, keeping your elbows straight. Do not press through your feet or raise your hips or back off the floor. Exhale and begin to bring your arms back to the start position. As your arms are moving, contract your abdomen as hard as you can. When your arms are back to your sides you have completed one repetition.
"Basic Bridge"
Start in the neutral position just like the "hook-lying" with both arms. This time you will be moving your hips. Make sure that your feet are secure and will not slide on the table or mat. Keeping your arms relaxed at your sides, press through your heels and raise your hips off the ground. Keep your spine straight while squeezing your gluteal muscles as you lift your hips as high as you can. Slowly lower back down to the starting position for one complete repetition.
"Face-Down Plank" on Knees
Kneel on a mat or exercise table. Bring your hands down to the mat under your shoulders and lower yourself down so that you are on your elbows and knees. Make your body a straight line from the top of your head to your knees. Hold your core tightly to support your body. This is not an exercise during which you move but instead hold the position for a predetermined number of seconds.
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