Schizophrenia is a severe mental illness causing debilitating symptoms. While the causes of schizophrenia aren't entirely clear, researchers believe a combination of genetic, environmental and chemical factors play a role in its development. Brain abnormalities involving the transport of the amino acid tyrosine have been observed in schizophrenic patients. Preliminary research involving tyrosine supplementation on schizophrenics showns promising results.
About Tyrosine
Tyrosine is an amino acid your body manufactures from phenylalanine, another amino acid. Tyrosine is also obtained from dietary sources such as soy, chicken, fish, peanuts, certain dairy products and lima beans, according to the University of Maryland Medical Center. It plays a crucial role in manufacturing certain mood-regulating neurotransmitters such as epinephrine, norepinephrine, and dopamine. Tyrosine deficiencies are unusual but can result in low blood pressure or an underactive thyroid. People who have a rare genetic disorder known as phenylketonuria, or PKU, are often deficient in tyrosine because their bodies are unable to metabolize phenylalaine.
Schizophrenia Facts
Schizophrenia is a chronic mental illness that results in a number of debilitating symptoms. While delusions and hallucinations are hallmark features of schizophrenia, other symptoms include flattened affect, thought and movement disorders, limited desire for communication, difficulties paying attention, memory deficits and neglecting personal hygiene. According to the National Institute of Mental Health, schizophrenia treatments usually focus on managing or eliminating these symptoms through the use of anti-psychotic medications and psychosocial interventions, such as rehabilitation and certain forms of psychotherapy. While the causes of schizophrenia are still unclear, researchers have found a possible link between schizophrenia and tyrosine transport in the brain.
Clinical Evidence
Several studies suggest a link between tyrosine transport abnormalities and schizophrenia. One study, published in the November 1999 issue of the journal, "Schizophrenia Research" demonstrated that schizophrenic patients have abnormal tyrosine regulation and transport in their brains. Another study, published in the October 2001 issue of the "Archives of General Psychiatry," confirmed these results, suggesting that tyrosine transport abnormalities may be a genetic trait in those with schizophrenia. However, an additional study, published in the February 1994 issue of the journal, "Clinical Neuropharmacology," examined the effects of l-tyrosine supplementation on schizophrenic patients, with little significant improvement. While clinical evidence suggests abnormalities in tyrosine transport in the brains of schizophrenic patients, few studies have been conducted to demonstrate the benefits of tyrosine supplementation on schizophrenia. Further clinical research studies are needed in this area.
Considerations
Tyrosine supplements should only be used under your doctor's supervision. Do not use dietary supplements to self-treat any medical condition you may have. Consult your doctor for proper diagnosis and treatment. According to the University of Maryland Medical Center, tyrosine can cause negative interactions with certain medications. Inform your doctor if you plan to use a tyrosine supplement, especially if you have a medical condition or take any prescription or over-the-counter medications or herbal supplements.
References
- University of Maryland Medical Center: Tyrosine
- National Institute of Mental Health: Schizophrenia
- "Schizophrenia Research"; Tyrosine Transport...; F. Wiesel, et al; Nov. 1999
- "Archives of General Psychiatry"; Aberrant Tyrosine Transport...; L. Flyckt, et al; Oct. 2001
- "Clinical Neuropharmacology"; L-Tyrosine Pharmacotherapy of Schizophrenia; S. Deutsch, et al; February 1994
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