Niacin, also called vitamin B-3 and nicotinic acid, is a vitamin essential for a healthy body. A deficiency in this essential nutrient causes a condition called pellagra, and one of the principle symptoms of this condition is dementia. Taking niacin supplements is the treatment for dementia caused by a niacin deficiency.
Symptoms of Dementia
Dementia actually is a collection of symptoms and has multiple thinking-related signs. According to MayoClinic.com, these signs include loss of memory, trouble communicating, trouble learning new things, behaving oddly or inappropriately, changes in personality, being paranoid and agitated and/or having hallucinations. If you are experiencing these symptoms and your doctor diagnoses you with dementia, he will likely want to conduct various medical tests to determine the underlying cause.
Other Symptoms of Pellagra
Dementia is just one symptom of pellagra, which is caused by a niacin deficiency. Because there are multiple potential causes of dementia, it is useful to be aware of other signs of pellagra, which would indicate that a niacin deficiency is indeed the cause. Pellagra causes a distinctive red rash that develops on the hands and legs somewhat like glove and boots, as well as on the neck and face. Pellagra can cause the digestive tract to become inflamed, including the mouth and the tongue, which might become red, swollen and sore.
Risk Factors
Pellagra and its associated dementia are uncommon in the United States and more often seen in developing countries. Because the body is able to convert the amino acid tryptophan into niacin, a combined tryptophan and niacin deficiency needs to be present to cause this type of dementia. Another risk factor is alcoholism, which causes damage to the body that inhibits the normal absorption of nutrients. Having a deficiency in other vitamins and minerals, including riboflavin, iron and vitamin B-6, also makes a niacin deficiency more likely.
Prevention and Treatment
To prevent or treat a niacin deficiency, make sure to get the recommended daily value. The RDA for niacin is 16 mg/day for men and 14 mg/day for women over 14. However, a niacin deficiency and the associated dementia can be prevented if you get at least 11 mg/day of this essential vitamin, according to the Oregon State University. Make sure to see your doctor if you suspect a niacin deficiency.
