Systemic lupus erythmatosus is a condition in which the immune system attacks the organs and connective tissues. While any organ system may be affected, the skin, heart, kidneys and brain are the most common targets of the disease. Symptoms are often vague and may mimic other conditions, complicating the process of diagnosis. A rheumatologist or physician can determine if your symptoms are caused by lupus and can help create an effective treatment plan.
Medical History
When attempting to diagnose lupus, doctors often start by taking a patient's medical history. Questions about childhood illnesses, familial diseases, allergies and current symptoms help to provide a clearer picture of your overall health. Your doctor may also review your health records or consult other health-care professionals before making a diagnosis. According to the Lupus Foundation of America, your risk of developing lupus may be 5 percent to 13 percent higher if a relative has the condition.
Physical Exam
Lupus can cause a multitude of symptoms, some of which are vague and elusive. During a physical exam, your doctor may perform a routine check-up and order additional blood tests to check for specific disease markers. According to Mayo Clinic.com, patients who meet four of the 11 diagnostic criteria, which include mouth sores, kidney disease and facial rash, may be diagnosed with lupus. Other signs that may suggest lupus include joint swelling, fatigue and a positive antinuclear antibody test.
Treatment Options
When it comes to treating lupus, no two treatment plans are alike. The goal of treatment is to slow the disease process through immune suppression while reducing symptoms such as pain and fatigue. Although many drugs can be used to accomplish these goals, corticosteroids, hydroxychloroquine and aspirin are the only medications approved by the FDA to treat lupus. Your doctor might also suggest lifestyle changes, such as quitting smoking, reducing your alcohol intake or eating a healthy diet. Treatment will depend largely on the severity of the disease and which organs are affected.
Considerations
Obtaining a proper diagnosis is vital for treating lupus. Because of its broad-ranging symptoms, lupus may be misdiagnosed, and it requires a unique, individualized treatment plan. When multiple organ systems are involved, a team of specialists may be needed to provide comprehensive care. If you suspect lupus, schedule an appointment with your physician to discuss your symptoms and treatment options.
