Esophageal cancer occurs when cancerous cells form in your esophagus -- the muscular tube that connects your throat to your stomach. Although it only accounts for about 1 percent of all cancer diagnoses in United States, according to the American Cancer Society, it is on the rise, partly because obesity increases your risk. Treatment, which may involve radiation, chemotherapy or surgery, can interfere with eating. Fortunately there are ways to manage these challenges.
Types
Esophageal cancer and its treatment can cause pain and inflammation, making it difficult to swallow and narrowing foods' passageway to your stomach. Dense and coarse foods can make these symptoms worse or cause you to choke. You may also experience nausea as a side effect of chemotherapy or other cancer treatment. All of these factors can contribute to appetite loss, which can make it difficult to eat sufficient amounts of food.
Complications
Eating too little can cause severe weight loss -- one of the primary complications of esophageal cancer treatment, according to the University of Maryland Medical Center. Under-eating can also lead to nutrient deficiencies, reduced physical strength, constipation and an increased susceptibility to infections. Consuming too few fluids or hydrating foods can cause weakness, fatigue and other symptoms related to dehydration. Food problems can also trigger emotional distress or depression.
Management
Soft, bland foods and cool or lukewarm foods can help sooth throat pain, according to the ACS. Suitable examples include unsweetened apple sauce, plain mashed potatoes, yogurt, milk shakes, well-cooked pasta and smoothies. To avoid pain associated with heat, allow soups, stews and hot cereals to cool before you eat them. Vitamin-enhanced protein shakes provide useful options if you have difficulty eating sufficient amounts of food. You may find it easier to eat frequent, small meals rather than two or three larger meals. Foods that can worsen esophageal pain and inflammation include coarse and dry foods, such as chips, pretzels, nuts and granola, spicy foods, such as salsa and hot peppers, and acidic foods, such as tomato sauce, vinegar and orange juice.
Considerations
Most cancer patients need more protein than the average person. When possible, incorporate protein-rich foods, such as milk, powdered milk, eggs, yogurt, peanut butter, cheese or soft meats, into your meals and snacks. Your taste buds may change due to cancer treatment and you may feel more hungry and willing to eat on some days and less so on others. The National Cancer Institute recommends eating what you desire and not worrying if your intake varies from day to day. If you desire a coarse food, such as tough meat, consider pureeing it with broth or gravy for softened texture. If you have difficulty eating enough consistently, discuss the potential need for supplements with your doctor.
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