Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a condition that often begins in childhood and may continue on through adulthood, according to the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH). ADHD results in difficulties staying focused or paying attention, behavior that is hard to control, and abnormal or restless activity. Researchers continue to study the behavior and believe it may be related to genetics and problems with the neurotransmitter systems in the brain. ADHD is not the result of poor parenting and education, too much TV or head injuries, the Attention Deficit Disorder Association says. Scientists at the National Institutes of Health have found that too much sugar or food additives may affect only about 5 percent of children with ADHD.
Behaviors
There are three types of ADHD: inattentive, hyperactive-impulsive and a combination of types, according to the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Inattentive children may often be easily distracted and can't concentrate on details. They may have difficulty completing tasks, paying attention and following or understanding instructions. Impulsive children find it hard to sit still for a long time, feel restless, talk a lot, interrupt others and find it hard to listen to directions. Children with the combined type have symptoms of inattentiveness and impulsive behavior. Many children exhibit some of these symptoms, but they are more severe and occur more often in children with ADHD.
Effects of Inattention
Inattentive children with ADHD can be easily distracted and have a hard time focusing on one activity, so they may jump from one activity or subject to another, the NIMH explains. They can't stay organized or complete assignments. They may forget things or become easily confused. At other times, they may daydream. They find it difficult to take in information or follow instructions. They may become bored easily, but be able to stick with an activity that they particularly enjoy.
Effects of Hyperactivity
Because they are overexcited at times, hyperactive children may squirm in their seats and fidget a lot. Nonstop talking is not unusual. They may suddenly run around the room and play with anything they see. This constant motion makes it difficult for them to sit still in the classroom or at the dinner table. They often can't participate in quiet activities.
Effects of Impulsiveness
The impulsive component of hyperactive-impulsive ADHD often manifests as impatience. Children with this condition may suddenly blurt out comments at inappropriate times. They don't seem to care about the consequences even after they are repeatedly told to stop. The impulsive behavior also makes it difficult for them to wait their turn during group activities. These children are prone to interrupting others while they are talking or doing activities.
