Screen passes are short throws, typically targeting running backs and wide receivers. They are designed to take advantage of certain defenses, usually blitzes and man-to-man alignments. The passes are called screens because the play involves a screen of blockers, mainly offensive linemen, who pave the way for the pass catcher. In many of today's pass-oriented offenses, these aerial plays often take the place of a team's running game. As passes go, these generally are safe, high-percentage throws, since the ball often is caught behind the line of scrimmage or a few yards downfield. When executed properly, though, they can produce significant gains.
Middle Screen
This widely used screen pass targets the halfback and is run straight up the middle of the field. It involves misdirection, and is commonly used when the offense expects a blitz or a strong pass rush from the defense. Much of the burden of this screen's success depends on the offensive linemen, who, after the snap of the ball, must take a step or two back to mimic pass protection. The linemen offer only "token resistance" against the outside pass rushers, and after the defenders get past the blockers, the halfback slips into the middle-field gap to receive the pass. The linemen then lead the convoy down the field.
Swing Screen
The swing screen is a basic play in which the halfback or fullback is the pass receiver. He swings to the outside of the blocking formation, but remains behind the line of scrimmage. If the play is run to the right side, the right tackle and guard move downfield just before the pass in thrown to block or screen linebackers, corner backs or safeties. The wide receiver r tight end also might blocks in front of the receiver as he looks for running room after catching the pass.
Bubble Screen
In the bubble screen, the wide receiver is the target as he loops, or "bubbles" away, from the quarterback and line of scrimmage to receive the pass. He makes this move in tandem with another wide receiver who blocks and leads the interference for the pass receiver after the catch. This play is usually run against man-to-man or deep zone defenses.
Jailbreak Screen
The jailbreak screen targets the wide receiver. He first fakes a move upfield, and then runs across the field, parallel to the line of scrimmage, to make the catch. In the meantime, the offensive linemen, tight end and halfback begin blocking downfield, clearing defenders away from the receiver, This play is run with the defense spread out horizontally across the field, as dictated by the spread offensive formation. Once he catches the pass, the receiver should be able to find a gap and cut upfield.
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