Cystic kidney disease, or polycystic kidney disease, is a genetic disorder that causes numerous cysts to form in the kidneys. These cysts replace the kidneys' normal structure and can lead to profoundly enlarged kidneys, diminished kidney function and, eventually, organ failure. Approximately 600,000 people in the United States have cystic kidney disease, and it is the fourth leading cause of kidney failure. Doctors treat the disease symptomatically by controlling blood pressure, pain and other complications of the disease. Some dietary guidelines that improve overall health can also help people with cystic kidney disease.
Low Sodium
Controlling high blood pressure can help to delay cystic kidney disease progression and slow down kidney damage. Medications that lower blood pressure are usually the first line of treatment, but you can control blood pressure with diet as well. Limit sodium intake to 1500 mg per day. Reduce the use of salt when cooking and avoid adding salt to foods before eating to help decrease sodium intake. Along with following a low salt diet, increasing water intake up to 3 liters each day helps to promote the filtration and removal of waste by the kidneys.
Protein Recommendations
The kidneys help to filter protein, and damage from cystic kidney disease can diminish this function. Although consensus guidelines for a low-protein diet do not exist for cystic kidney disease patients, eating too much protein can compromise the kidneys and cause adverse reactions. Individuals who have cystic disease with normal kidney function may improve kidney health by eating 0.8 mg of protein for every kilogram of body weight each day. Those with more advanced disease should consume 0.6 to 0.75 mg of protein for every kilogram of body weight.
Nutritients to Consider
Increasing the amount of certain vitamins and minerals can be beneficial in some patients with cystic kidney disease. Increasing the amount of essential fatty acids, such as omega-3 fatty acids, as well as increasing vitamin D and soy consumption may also be beneficial. Limiting caffeine, which may play a role in cyst growth, as well as increasing water intake when not on fluid restriction can be helpful in controlling disease symptoms. Individuals with advanced cystic kidney disease may require diets that restricts both potassium and fluid intake; however, a physician will determine these restrictions based on the severity of your disease. You should always consult your physician before making any dietary changes.
Exercise
If you have cystic kidney disease, you should try to lead a healthy, active life. Incorporating elements of a healthy diet such as limiting sodium and fat and drinking plenty of water coupled with physical activity can improve your overall health. Swimming, biking and walking are good options. Avoid contact sports, however, as cystic kidneys are more fragile than non-diseased organs, and these kinds of activities increase your risk of kidney injury. Take care during exercise to remain hydrated, and be sure your physician clears you for exercise before you begin a new physical activity.
