Although a certain level of potassium is needed to keep the metabolic and electrical processes functioning properly, too much potassium can be a problem. If levels of potassium become too high, serious complications, such as cardiac arrest, can develop High potassium, also known as hyperkalemia, occurs when potassium blood levels increase beyond normal levels. According to Mayoclinic.com, normal potassium levels range from 3.6 to 4.8 mEq/L. Levels higher than 6.0 mEq/L are considered serious and need prompt treatment.
Causes
Often, when high potassium levels occur, it is because the kidneys cannot excrete potassium adequately. Kidney disorders, such as kidney failure, both chronic and acute, can lead to high potassium levels. Injured body tissues can also result in potassium build-up in the cells. Conditions, such as trauma, burns and surgery, can lead to increased potassium levels.
Symptoms
Not everyone will have symptoms with hyperkalemia. Some people may not even know that their levels are high until they have a serum potassium blood level test. When symptoms do occur with high potassium, they can include nausea and an abnormal heartbeat. Fatigue and weakness can sometimes develop. One of the most serious symptoms is a weak heartbeat. In some cases, this can lead to cardiac arrest.
Diagnosis
If you suspect you have high potassium levels, your doctor will likely recommend a serum potassium test to confirm a diagnosis. Although tests vary by facility, a serum potassium test may also be included in an electrolyte panel. If serum potassium levels are high, your doctor may order additional tests to determine the affect of increased potassium in your body. Since a high potassium level can affect the heart, a doctor often recommends an electrocardiogram to check for abnormal heart rhythms.
Treatment
Immediate treatment is intended to treat any serious symptoms of high potassium such as cardiac arrest or abnormal heart rhythms. Medications and treatments may be given to help the body remove the excess potassium from the body. Certain medications bind to the potassium, which aid in excretion. Dialysis can also lower overall potassium levels. Additional treatment is aimed at determining the underlying cause of high potassium, such as kidney problems, and treating the disorder.
Considerations
If potassium is too high, ask your doctor if you should make certain dietary changes. Your doctor may recommend you reduce certain foods, which are high in potassium, such as peaches, salmon, tomatoes and bananas. It is also important to drink plenty of fluids, since dehydration can increase symptoms associated with high potassium levels.
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